motorboat overtaken by sailboat

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What You Should Do if Your Boat Is Overtaken

In the past two years, boating and RV life have gotten unexpected boosts in popularity. Drivers love hitting the open road (or waters, in boating’s case) with a reasonable distance between themselves and others. Boats are also relatively inexpensive, with many new models costing less than $30,000 .

However, many inexperienced boaters don’t realize the standard rules for operating a boat. While bodies of water are far less crowded than roads, you’re bound to encounter another boat sooner or later. What kinds of boats have the right-of-way during passing situations?

Here’s what it means when your boat is overtaken

A vessel is overtaken when another boat comes from a direction over 22.5 degrees behind it. According to the Boat U.S. Foundation , the overtaken boat is known as the stand-on vessel. This boat must maintain its speed and course until the ship behind it has safely passed.

The boat behind the stand-on vessel is called the give-way vessel. It’s this vessel’s responsibility to stay entirely out of the path of the overtaken boat. If you are the overtaking boat, you must relay signals to the overtaken boat about your passing intentions.

Overtaken vessels have top priority on the “pecking order,” meaning that every other boat must stay out of their way. So, while motorboats are the lowest on the pecking order, they’re still the stand-on vessels if overtaken by a sailboat.

However, remember that sailboats are prioritized in the standard pecking order because they have less maneuverability than motorboats. Because of that, it’s vital for motorboat drivers to stay alert and practice evasive maneuvers when needed to help the sailboat.

What if your motorboat is being overtaken by another motorboat?

Another service we work with on the Thames on a daily basis is @MPSonthewater . Here is one of the boats passing us pic.twitter.com/op6cVyMVSx — Tower RNLI (@TowerRNLI) April 16, 2013

In any passing situation, Inland Rules state that the overtaking boat has to signal its intent. One short horn blast means the give-way vessel intends to pass on the starboard (or right) side. Two short horn blasts mean that the give-way ship is passing on the port (or left) side.

In reply, the overtaken boat should always signal its consent with an identical signal. If the stand-on vehicle doesn’t supply a corresponding signal, its motor might be too loud to hear your approach. Proceed with caution, and if you feel unsafe at any time or expect a collision, make five or more short horn blasts.

How to avoid collisions with other boats

In meeting situations (where the two boats face each other), it can be challenging to determine who has the right of way. To be cautious, both drivers should maneuver their vessels to the starboard side. In a crossing situation, the ship on the starboard side acts as the give-way vessel.

It’s also important to pay attention to a vessel’s lights in situations where visibility is limited. In overtaking situations, you’ll only see the stern white light of the ship in front of you. Seeing red and green lights simultaneously means that you’re facing another boat head-on. You should alter your course immediately if you see a red light crossing right-to-left.

Since the crossing and overtaking rules apply night or day, you should always pay attention to a vehicle’s lights. At all times, every boat should also have a lookout for seeing and hearing. Additionally, never make abrupt maneuvers or increase your speed in limited visibility. Allow the other boat plenty of time to do their maneuvers and rely on your senses alongside your boat’s radar .

Every boat is expected to maintain a safe speed at all times. Regardless of which boat has the right of way, both vessels should have safety-conscious captains to avoid collisions.

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When is a Powerboat the Stand-On Vessel Over a Sailboat?

• By Jim Hendricks
• February 20, 2023

I’m strictly a powerboater and proud of it. But I also respect the skill of sailboaters and was schooled from my earliest days afloat that sailboats are generally assigned the privilege of being the stand-on vessels under the rules of the road because they are restricted in their ability to maneuver. 

That means powerboats are the give-way vessels. 

An important note: A sailboat must be under sail to qualify as such under the rules of the road. If a sailboat uses its auxiliary motor instead of sails for propulsion, then it must abide by the same rules of the road that apply to powerboats.

Despite my mentoring to recognize the privileges of sailboats, there is one exception in which a powerboat enjoys the status of being the stand-on vessel over a sailboat. Before we go there, let’s review the rules of the road when it comes to scenarios involving power–versus-sail encounters.

Meeting Head-On

In powerboat-versus-powerboat head-on encounters, the best option is for each vessel to maneuver to starboard to allow the boats to pass safely port to port. The same applies when a powerboat encounters a sailboat traveling downwind on a straight course. But things get complicated when sailboats tack upwind on a zigzag course. In open water, sailboats have plenty of room to tack. But within the confines of a channel, a sailing vessel might be forced to come about frequently in short tacks to stay inside the channel. 

In this case, the skipper of a powerboat (the give-way vessel) must provide the sailboat (the stand-on vessel) a wide berth to maneuver safely. Within a narrow channel, this might require that a powerboat slows to a dead idle or comes to a halt to give the sailboat the road on your side of the channel and allow it to cross safely well in front of you before it comes about and tacks toward the far side of the channel. Once this occurs, you might well have enough space and time to continue safely at the posted speed limit. 

Paths That Cross

When it comes to crossing situations that might pose a collision threat, the rule is pretty simple: The powerboat is the give-way vessel and obliged to pass astern of the sailboat, no matter what direction either boat is traveling. 

This is where the exception to the rule comes into play. In overtaking situations , the boat that is overtaking another boat is the give-way vessel, regardless of whether it is a sailboat or a powerboat. 

The vessel that is being overtaken is always the stand-on vessel and should maintain its course and speed, while the vessel that’s passing (the give-way vessel) signals its intention with one short blast of the horn if passing to starboard of the stand-on vessel, and two blasts if passing to port of the stand-on vessel. Passing should be undertaken in a safe manner and provide the stand-on vessel with the widest berth possible. 

So, there you have it—the exception to the rule when it comes to powerboats versus sailboats. But that leads me to another observation: The same passing procedures apply in overtaking situations between powerboats and human-powered vessels, such as canoes, kayaks, stand-up paddleboards and the like. But how often does a paddler have the opportunity to pass a powerboat or sailboat? 

It can happen. It happened to me while idling out of California’s Alamitos Bay. My boat was struck from behind by a single sculler while he sprinted along during his morning workout. Scullers face aft while rowing, so they are blind to the waters ahead. I had my eyes forward and failed to glance astern, so neither of us saw each other. What’s more, sculls travel almost silently at speeds up to 13 mph, and today’s outboards are extremely quiet at no-wake speeds of 5 mph, so neither of us could hear each other. While the encounter proved startling, we suffered no injuries or property damage. After exchanging a few words, we continued on our way.

While the rules of the road favored me as the stand-on vessel, it is also important to point out the most critical rule of all: Avoid a collision, no matter what the scenario. In this case, by glancing astern regularly, I could have spotted the potential for a rear-end collision and given the sculler a wide berth. It is a lesson I learned well and have applied ever since that day.

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Meeting situations - Collision regulations Head-on - Overtaking - Crossing

• Free Boating License Study Guide
• Navigation Rules
• Meeting situations - Collision regulations

What do you do when approaching a power-driven vessel head-on?

When two power-driven vessels are approaching head-on or nearly so, either vessel shall indicate its intent which the other vessel shall answer promptly. In this meeting situation, neither vessel is the stand-on vessel.

It is generally accepted that you should alter course to starboard and pass port-to-port.

What does passing port-to-port mean?

When two power-driven vessels are approaching head-on, both vessels should alter course to starboard to pass port-side to port-side.

How many blasts does it take to alter a course to starboard?

When alter course to starboard and pass port-to-port, the accompanying sound signal is one short blast.

What happens if two boats are approaching each other head-on and you can't pass port-to-port?

If you cannot pass to starboard (port-to-port) due to an obstruction or other vessels, you should sound two short blasts to indicate your intention to pass to port (starboard-to-starboard).

Make sure the other vessel understands your intent before proceeding. The other vessel should return your two-short-blast signal.

What must you do if you wish to overtake another vessel?

When two vessels are moving in the same direction, the vessel passing is the give-way vessel and should keep out of the way of the vessel being passed. The vessel being passed is the stand-on vessel and must maintain its course and speed.   If the stand-on vessel realizes that the course intended by the give-way vessel is not safe, it should sound the danger or doubt signal.

At night you would only be able to see the stern light of the vessel being overtaken. You would not be able to see either sidelight.

How many blasts does it take when overtaking another vessel?

If you are overtaking a vessel, remember that you are the give-way vessel until well past, and safely clear of, the passed vessel. Do not cut in front of, impede or endanger another vessel.

Boat behind: "I intend to pass you on your starboard side" - 1 short blast (1 sec.)

Boat in front "Agreement" - 1 short blast (1 sec.)

Boat behind: "I intend to pass you on your port side"  - 2 short blasts 

Boat in front: "Agreement" - 2 short blasts 

What should you do if operating a motorboat that is being overtaken by a sailboat?

Regardless of whether it is a sailing vessel or a power-driven vessel, the stand-on vessel is always the one being overtaken.

As the operator of a power-driven vessel, what should you do if you meet another power-driven vessel?

When two power driven boats are approaching at right angles or nearly so, and risk of collision exists,  the boat on the right is the stand-on vessel, has the right of way and must hold its course and speed.  The other boat, the  give-way vessel, shall maneuver to keep clear of the stand-on vessel and shall pass it by its stern.  If necessary, slow, stop or reverse until the stand-on vessel is clear.

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Understanding Boating Right of Way Rules

Since there are no yellow or white lines or stop signs on bodies of water, it can be difficult to understand who has the right of way in boating. Right of way rules (often referenced as the "rules of the road" or navigation rules ) are specifically defined maneuvering regulations designed primarily to avoid a collision between vessels. There are many rules and they differ by type of vessel, the operations that vessel is involved in at the time, and where the vessel is located (on inland or offshore waters).

Learning and memorizing all of them is a tall order for boaters of all experience levels, but it’s imperative to know the basics and then have the proper reference tools aboard to consult for all the more nuanced regulations.

5 Boating Right of Way Basics

• Vessels under sail (without auxiliary power engaged) have right of way over powerboats in most cases. There are exceptions as described above and in an overtaking situation.
• When crossing, the boat on the right (approaching from starboard) has the right of way. At night, you’ll see a red light moving across your horizon to the left. If there is a constant speed and bearing, you’re on a collision course and need to take evasive action.
• When meeting head-on, each vessel must alter course to starboard if possible to give a wide berth to the oncoming vessel. At night you’ll initially see both red and green lights.
• Any vessel overtaking another must keep clear of the stand-on vessel. You must keep clear if you’re coming up from behind and passing any vessel even if you are under sail and are coming up on a powered vessel. At night you’ll see a white light.
• When approaching another vessel whose intentions aren’t clear, take evasive actions early and make them clear in order to communicate effectively with the other vessel. In other words, slow down and make any course changes large enough to be understood and consistent (don’t drive haphazardly).

Boating Etiquette: Reading Between "The Rules"

Sailing Right of Way

When two boats that are both under sail meet, the following rules apply:

• The boat on a starboard tack has the right of way—the wind coming over the starboard rail.
• When two vessels are on the same tack (the wind is coming from the same side), the leeward boat (downwind) has the right of way over the windward boat (that presumably has clean air for better sailing conditions).
• When on the same tack in a passing situation, the vessel being overtaken has the right of way—always.

It’s your responsibility as the captain to know the basics and to act in a responsible manner to avoid a collision even if you’re the stand-on vessel. Slow down, evaluate the situation, make your intentions clear and in the end, presume the other guy has no clue and avoid an accident.

For a complete listing of navigation rules, refer to “Navigation Rules of the Road” published by the U.S. Coast Guard (COMDTINST 16672.2 Series), available through the U.S. Government printing office and also available here online .

Vessel Types, Categories & Definitions

Navigation rules focus on how and where vessels move. These are also supplemented by light and sound signaling rules that are covered under different sections of what is called COLREGS, the International Regulations for Prevention of Collision at Sea, and they govern the responsibilities of vessel operators in inland and international waters. A copy of the Rules of the Road can be purchased at chandleries and a must be carried aboard vessels of 40 feet or longer.

The type of vessel will often dictate a captain’s course of action. Powerboats are propelled by machinery. Sailboats under sail are in one category but a sailboat with its auxiliary motor turned on and in gear is considered to be a powerboat even if its sails are up. The following vessels also have priority in certain cases:

• Vessels constrained by draft (boats with a deep draft moving through shallow channels).
• Vessels restricted in their ability to maneuver (boats that may be too large to be agile in a small body of water or those actively operating as tugs, buoy tenders, or those engaged in commercial fishing with gear deployed, etc.).
• Vessels not under command (no one is in charge for whatever reason).

Vessel circumstances are defined differently. A stand-on vessel has the right of way and must maintain course and speed. It must also acknowledge understanding the intentions of the give-way vessel if signaled. The give-way or “burdened” vessel has the responsibility to maneuver safely around the stand-on vessel.

Marine Navigation: How to Navigate a Boat

Frequently Asked Questions

Q. If I’m towing a wakeboarder and another boat that’s not towing is in my way, who has the right of way?

If you’re towing on a lake or river, inland rules of the road still apply. However, your priority should be the safety of both vessels and the person you’re towing so if you must take evasive action, signal your boarder and stop, slow down or turn to avoid an accident.

Q. My boat is only 20 feet long. Do I still need to have a copy of the U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Rules onboard?

You don’t need a copy onboard, but you do need to know the basics. If you’re hazy on any part, a copy may be a good investment.

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Chapter 5: Navigation Rules

Navigation rules: overtaking.

Whenever a power-driven vessel is overtaking another power-driven vessel the vessel which is being overtaken is the stand-on vessel. Remember, the stand-on vessel has the right of way and must maintain speed and course.

In this example, Vessel A would be the give-way vessel. That means Vessel A must take action to avoid a collision as it passes around Vessel B. This rule also applies to non-powered vessels. The vessel overtaking is the give-way vessel and the vessel being overtaken is the stand-on vessel.

For additional safety, if two power-driven vessels are interacting, one must also use sound signals to indicate intentions. So, if one wants to pass on their port side, give two short blasts for starboard. This lets the other boater know that one will be passing on their starboard side. The other operator should then return the same signal to indicate they understand and agree.

If one is approaching another vessel close enough from stern to see the other’s stern lights, but not their navigational sidelights, it is assumed one means to overtake them and should act accordingly as the give-way vessel.

Remember, if a boater ever gives five short blasts, it means that they there is no understanding of intentions and it is dangerous to approach without further communications.

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Course Outline

• The Rules of the Road
• Important Definitions
• Required Sound Signaling Equipment
• Sounding Off - When and How to Use Sound Signals
• The Rule of Responsibility
• Proper Lookout
• Rules for Avoiding Collisions
• Overtaking a Power-Driven Vessel
• Approaching a Power-Driven Vessel Head On
• Approaching a Power-Driven Vessel From the Side

Approaching a Sailing Vessel

• Approaching Another Sailing Vessel
• Operating in Heavy Traffic
• Operating in Narrow Channels
• Operating in Darkness - Part 1
• Operating in Darkness - Part 2
• Operating in Restricted Visibility
• Visual Distress Signals
• Marine Distress Signals - Anytime Use
• Marine Distress Signals - Daytime Use
• Pyrotechnic Visual Distress Signals
• Non-Pyrotechnic Visual Distress Signals
• Pyrotechnic Equipment Storage and Handling
• Number of Required Visual Distress Signals
• Aids to Navigation
• Uniform State Waterways Marking System - Part 1
• Uniform State Waterways Marking System - Part 2
• Intercoastal Waterway Markers
• Western River Markers
• Docking Mooring
• Anchoring - Part 1
• Anchoring - Part 2

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When a power-driven vessel B encounters a sailing vessel A, the sailing vessel is ALWAYS the stand-on vessel (unless a sailing vessel is overtaking). In the case above, power-driven vessel B must take EARLY and SUBSTANTIAL action to keep clear of sailing vessel A.

Sailing vessels stand on when being overtaken and give way when overtaking.

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• Right of Way Rules for Boating

If you’re a new boat owner or you need a refresher on the right of way rules for boating — this article is for you.

While we all love to have fun on the water,  safety is always the priority . You may be intimidated thinking about driving your new boat down a crowded waterway with all different types of vessels crossing your path. How does everyone know where to go and how to stay out of each other’s way? Fortunately, there are regulations to minimize collisions and to maintain order and safety. However, it is also important to note that despite the rules, it is always your responsibility to avoid a collision, no matter the scenario.

Every good captain must know the right way to approach interactions with other boats — just like how it’s essential to know traffic rules when driving a car. When you understand the fundamental boating right of way rules for rivers, oceans and harbors, you’ll be able to cruise through the most crowded waterways with ease. Let’s dive in.

The Importance of Knowing Boating Right of Way Rules

The United States Coast Guard reported almost 4,300  recreational boat accidents in 2017 . Surprisingly, most recreational boaters aren’t familiar with the boat right of way rules, which causes confusion and makes their boating experience less safe and more stressful. If you master even the basic principles of boat-passing rules, you’ll know how to behave in any situation and keep your cool.

As the captain of your vessel, it’s your responsibility to maintain the safety of your boat and everyone onboard. The more knowledgeable you are about how to do that — such as by knowing and understanding boating right-of-way-rules and collision regulations — the less you have to worry about something going wrong.

First things first — a few general tips and boating rules for maintaining navigational safety:

Don’t Go Too Fast

If you can increase the overall safety of your vessel or a vessel nearby by slowing down, you should. Sometimes the conditions are right to go fast, and sometimes they aren’t. It’s the job of a good skipper to know the difference. Take into account how many other boats are around you and if you have the proper space to slow down quickly.

Be Cautious of Other Boaters

Just like when you’re driving a car, just because the rules of the road exist, it doesn’t mean everyone follows them. Recreational boaters are notorious for not following the rules. If their actions seem unsafe, keep enough distance between you and them so that any unexpected maneuver won’t catch you off guard.

Always Be Respectful and Conscientious

While sometimes you may be operating under legal conditions, it’s still nice to give other boaters the respect and the space they deserve. Just because you have the right of way doesn’t mean you have to take it every time.

Avoid All Government Vessels and Restricted Areas

These vessels and areas almost always have the right of way, and it’s best to give them plenty of space.

Give Way If It Makes Sense

Even if you have the right of way in a situation that could be dangerous, it’s your responsibility to alter your course if it means avoiding an accident. If you did not change your course and an accident occurred, it’s possible you could still be at least partially at fault even if you did have the right of way. Safety always takes precedence.

Rules for Different Boating Scenarios

How two boats approach each other determines which has the right of way. Position, direction and the different levels of priority for different vessels make up the majority of the rules on the water. We’ll get into the different types of vessel priority a little later.

When a vessel has the right of way, they’re called the  “stand-on” or “burdened” vessel . If you’re the stand-on vessel, you have to confirm the actions of the give-way vessel by maintaining your course and speed until you pass them or need to alter your course.

The “stand-off” or “give-way” vessel is the one that doesn’t have the right of way.

What does it mean to give another vessel right of way? You must ensure they can hold their current course and speed, which may mean substantially altering your course in a way that’s clear to the stand-on vessel.

For this article, we’re assuming you operate a power-driven vessel — the rules are a little more complicated if you’re sailing.

Here are some common scenarios you’re likely to encounter on the water:

1. Approaching a Non-Power Vessel

When you’re approaching a vessel without motor power, such as a sailboat, they have the right of way.

An important note — a sailboat must be “under sail” to qualify for the right of way over power-driven vessels. If they’re using their small outboard motor instead, they have the same right of way as a normal powerboat .

In recent years we have seen a proliferation of human-powered craft in the form of kayaks and paddle boards. The  Navigation Rules  refer to human-powered craft as “vessels under oars” and they are singled out only in the lighting rules. Otherwise they are simply “vessels.” We may encounter these vessels in three different navigational situations. We may encounter them in overtaking situations. The vessel being overtaken is the most privileged vessel on the high seas. Give that human-powered craft a wide birth when overtaking, being mindful of your wake as you do. The two other navigational situations in which we may encounter paddlers are head-on and crossing situations.

Interestingly, the rules don’t make specific provisions for power-driven vessels encountering vessels under oars in head-on and crossing scenarios. Rule 2 is the “responsibility” rule, and it, in essence, tells us to use good judgment based on the whole of the navigational picture. In head-on situations, the standard port to port passing should serve us well. In crossing situations, there’s no reason why we can’t apply the rules of power-driven vessels as well. The vessel that has the other to her starboard shall give way. In short, Rule 8 tells us we must take all reasonable action to avoid a collision. Vessels under oars move relatively slowly and are easy to avoid. When encountering them take early and positive action to pass at a safe distance. In any case of uncertainty, the rules tell us we should slacken our speed.

2. Approaching Power-Driven Vessels

When two boats have the same priority of right of way based on their classification, the determining factors become position and direction of travel.

To determine the position of another vessel relative to your own, you must know the different “sectors” of your vessel, i.e., starboard, port and stern. Once you identify where another boat is relative to your own, you’ll know who has the right of way.

Using the following simple rules, you’ll have a good grasp on how to behave around other powerboats :

1. If another vessel is approaching you from the port — or left — side of your boat, you have the right of way and should maintain your speed and direction.

2. If a vessel is aiming to cross your path and they’re on your starboard — or right — side, they have the right of way. Alter your course so that you will pass them at a safe distance and in a way that is apparent to the other skipper.

3. Any vessel that is approaching your boat for the stern doesn’t have the right of way. Maintain your speed and course. Whenever a boat is overtaking another, the vessel in front always has the right of way and should be allowed to continue their original course unhindered. This is the case even if the vessel behind has a higher level of right-of-way priority, such as a sailboat.

When the sun goes down, and boaters turn on their navigational lights, there’s an easy way to remember to who has the right of way:

• – When you see a red navigational light on another boat, it’s indicating their port side, and they have the right of way — red means stop.
• – When you see a green navigational light, you’re approaching a vessel from their starboard side, and you have the right of way — green means go.
• – How do you know if you’re overtaking another vessel at night? Look for their white stern light and steer clear. The stern light shines at  22.5 degrees on either side of the boat  behind the widest point — the beam.

Knowing the basics listed above will have you in great shape in most boating situations. Below are some of the best practices that will help take your navigational skills to the next level:

If You’re Passing through a Crowded Harbor

One of the best tips for this scenario is to always aim for the stern of a boat you want to go behind — this lets the operator of the other boat know that you intend to go behind them and they can continue their course. Captains will sometimes use a VHF radio to communicate their intention to “take the stern” of another boat as a courtesy and to keep traffic flowing more smoothly.

If You Meet Another Boat Head-on

Under the boating rules of the road, vessels approaching each other head-on are always supposed to pass each other port to port — or left to left, just like on the road. However, crowded harbors and times when many boats come together at once make this difficult to follow all the time — stick to the rules as much as possible, but use your best judgment to keep everyone safe.

If You Want To Use a Horn To Communicate or You Hear Another Vessel’s Horn

Experienced skippers will sometimes use their horns to communicate. If you want to move past another boat in a narrow channel or if you’re overtaking another vessel and would like to pass, you may sound your horn for two short blasts. If you receive two short blasts back, the other skipper is signaling that the maneuver is okay. If they sound five short blasts in response, that means passing is unsafe, and you shouldn’t pass the vessel — in any situation, if you ever hear five short horn blasts, be on alert. This is the signal for imminent danger. Please keep in mind that international rules can differ.

If You’re on a “Collision Course” With Another Vessel

Remember, you must alter your course with ample time to safely avoid a collision, even if you are the stand-on vessel. The definition of a “collision course” is when the bearing from your boat to another isn’t changing, while the distance between your two boats is shrinking.

Once you’re familiar with the basic rules of the road, use them with your best judgment, and navigating through boat traffic will be a breeze.

Right of Way Between Different Types of Vessels

Now that you know the basic rules of the road, we’ll cover a few special situations you may encounter. Besides the basics of power versus non-power boat rules, there’s a pecking order when it comes to the right of way — different vessels and different conditions determine who is the stand-on vessel.

Here’s the  U.S. Coast Guard list , from the highest level of right of way to the lowest:

1. A Vessel Not Under Command or a Vessel Restricted in Its Ability to Maneuver

The Coast Guard gives these two types of vessels the same level of priority. A boat “not under command” means that an unexpected circumstance is keeping the boat from maneuvering, like an engine or steering failure.

A vessel that restricted in its ability to maneuver is unable to move out of the way of other boats due to the nature of its work, like a buoy tender fixing a navigational aid or vessel transferring passengers while underway.

2. A Vessel Being Overtaken

Any boat approaching a vessel from astern must give them the right of way.

3. A Boat Engaged in Fishing

When a boat has commercial fishing equipment deployed, that restricts their ability to maneuver. Therefore, they have the right of way.

4. A Vessel Under Sail or Not Under Power

A vessel under sail as well as other watercraft that are not powered, — such as canoes, kayaks, paddleboards, etc. — have the right of way over powered-vessels.

5. A Power-driven Vessel

As a power-driven vessel, you must give way to all the other categories above. If you are converging on another powered boat, either head-on or astern, the right-of-way rules mentioned earlier apply.

A few more unique situations that the Coast Guard doesn’t include on their simplified list are:

• – Whenever you hear a siren or see blue flashing lights on an emergency or law-enforcement vessel, give them the right of way just like you would an ambulance or a police vehicle.
• – Keep an eye out for tugboats and other vessels towing — if in the open ocean, they can have a submerged tow-line with a lot of distance between them and their tow.
• – Always take the stern of large commercial tankers and container ships in the ocean, and never try to cross in front of them. While it may look like they’re not moving, they can be  running at over 20 knots .
• – Steer clear of docked or moving ferries — some have submerged cable lines. Watch other boats and how they navigate around the ferry before crossing yourself.
• –  Any boat under 65 feet  is obligated to steer clear of larger, less maneuverable vessels.

It’s important to maintain a proper lookout at all times when operating your vessel. If your boat is small enough, you may be able to keep track of everything by yourself. If you have a larger boat, you’ll probably want some help from a friend onboard — especially when leaving the dock or landing. Having an extra set of eyes is helpful to any captain, no matter how seasoned.

If you apply these tips and remain alert and responsible when operating your boat, there’s no reason you should get into a collision. If someone who isn’t following the rules happens to bump into you, following the rules only helps your case.

You can find a copy of the USCG Navigation Rules in most boating supply stores, and you can also  download it online . It’s a good idea for any boater to carry a copy onboard, and it’s mandatory for  any vessel over 39 feet in length. Be sure to look up your state’s navigational rules before you set out, as they may vary depending on location.

Formula Boats for Safety and Performance

Here at Formula Boats, we take safety seriously. As a family company since 1976, we know the importance of protecting your most valuable assets. Owned and operated by lifelong boaters, the Porter family treats every product as a representation of themselves — that’s why we do everything we can to equip our customers with not only the most reliable boats available, but also the knowledge to be safe such as these boat rules on the water.

Our customers keep coming back because when you own a Formula boat — you’re part of the family. If you’ve thought you can’t have it all in a boat, think again. We don’t make boats for the masses — we make boats for you. With more than 60 years of continued innovation, we make precision watercraft that surpass expectations of quality and performance.

Contact us today  for any other boating questions you may have or to request a quote.

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One Boat Is Overtaking Another. Which Boat Must Give Way?

Written by J. Harvey / Fact checked by S. Numbers

Rules exist to maintain order and right of way for cars and boats. One situation in which such rules are necessary is when one boat is overtaking another. Which boat must give way?

It is the overtaking boat that must make adjustments while the boat being overtaken should stay its speed and course. Let’s take a look at the right of way rules between boats to better understand this regulation.

Table of Contents

Boating Right of Way

Priority list for vessels, 1. crossing, 3. overtaking, what should a sailboat do to avoid colliding with a stand-on vessel, do the same rules apply when a small craft like a pwc is overtaking another vessel, in a crossing, what should the boat on the starboard (right) do if a collision seems likely.

To understand how right of way works for a boat, we must first become familiar with two terms: give-way and stand-on. When two boats are to cross one another, each is designated one of these two roles which dictate what each must do. It is the stand-on vessel that has right of way in every situation.

Give-way refers to the boat that needs to make adjustments in a given situation while the stand-on vessel is the boat that must maintain its course and speed. Potential collisions can be avoided by determining which vessel must give way and which should stand on.

While this sounds like a reasonable system, each situation ends up having different factors that need to be considered. One of the simplest ways to determine each boat’s role is to refer to a list that details the order of priority for vessels based on their type and capability.

• Overtaken vessel
• Watercraft not under command
• Any vessel restricted in mobility
• Watercraft limited by draft
• Fishing vessels
• Sail-driven crafts
• Power-driven vessels

Vessels at the top are given a higher priority as the stand-on vessel over vessels at the bottom. Many boating situations can be covered by referring to this list; however, there are still some that may be difficult to assess.

When a motorboat is crossing paths with a PWC , it will be difficult to assess because both are power-driven. We can further analyze this by going over maneuvering situation types and proceeding according to which one we find ourselves in.

Maneuvering Situations

There are three main situations based on the existing risk of collisions; these are crossing, meeting, and overtaking. Combining these with the priority list above allows us to understand the situation better and formulate an action plan. A simple plan is always better because it is easier to remember, especially during emergencies.

Let’s take a look at these three types below.

Crossing refers to when two vessels meet, with one coming in from the side of the other and at an angle. In such a situation, the boat whose bow is on course to collide with the side of the other boat is the give-way vessel. It is this craft’s responsibility to alter speed and course to allow safe passage to the other.

One special instance would be when two powerboats are about to cross paths at a right angle, which makes it difficult to judge which should give way to the other. In such a situation, the one on the starboard side is the stand-on vessel. But it is best to prepare for evasive maneuvers until the crossing is completed.

This situation involves two boats meeting head-on where neither vessel has a clear right of way. Both should give way to the other by adjusting course to the starboard side with the other boat being at the port side.

When a motor boat and a PWC are meeting head on, both vessels need to make adjustments. It is important to take a reactive approach and stay vigilant throughout the entire passage.

An overtaking situation may be the easiest one to judge based on our priority list above because it disregards any other condition. The only thing to remember is that it is the giveway vessels responsibility to adjust its speed and course while the other vessel is to maintain its course until the passage is completed.

Frequently Asked Questions

Sailboats are usually stand-on vessels except in a few circumstances. As give-way vessels, sail-driven crafts need to be extra vigilant to make up for the lack of mechanical propulsion. Remember to make adjustments as early as possible.

Even for smaller recreational vessels and watercraft, the guidelines stated above still stand.

In this case, the boat should change course or speed to try to avoid the collision. This is done by the stand-on vessel if it is what is necessary to keep the boat safe. A sailboat and a PWC may need to react sooner or in a different way, so it’s best to always stay vigilant in meetings between vessels.

One boat is overtaking another. Which boat must give way? Now you know that it’s always the overtaking vessel that needs to adjust its course and speed to keep a collision from happening.

More importantly, you have a better idea of the boating right of way, which is necessary to know how to deal with different boat meetings. But is it the most effective way? Let us know what you think in the comments section below.

Remember to boat safely.

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This article is an excerpt from NauticEd’s online FREE Navigation Rules Course , an interactive online sailing course for ALL sailors to learn Navigation Rules and become a safer sailor. Or if you want to learn more, upgrade to the Skipper Course Bundle to become a competent sailor!

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Overtaking Vessels

Here we quote the rules exactly because they are incredibly clear. Note that a sailing vessel is a part of “any vessel”. i.e. if you are a sailing vessel overtaking any other vessel according to (a) you must keep clear.

(a) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Rules, any vessel overtaking any other shall keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken.

(b) A vessel shall be deemed to be overtaking when coming up with another vessel from a direction more than 22.5 degrees abaft her beam

(c) When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether she is overtaking another, she shall assume that this is the case and act accordingly.

(d) Any subsequent alteration of the bearing between the two vessels shall not make the overtaking vessel a crossing vessel within the meaning of these Rules or relieve her of the duty of keeping clear of the overtaken vessel until she is finally past and clear.

Wow, look at (d). This means that even while you are overtaking and keeping clear if the other vessel changes course you must still keep clear. But there is nothing in (d) that says if you are being overtaken you have the right to change course. If you are being overtaken you are obligated to continue to Stand-On to not make course changes.

Do you get the overall feeling here? There is a common theme. The rules are written so that everyone has the responsibility to avoid collision. Even if you feel you are in the right – you can not instigate a collision to prove your point.

Some Examples

Above: The sailboat is overtaking a powerboat. Any vessel overtaking another must Give Way, therefore the sailboat must Give Way. This is also the case if the powerboat is lying adrift in this position.

However, if the powerboat was adrift in the position in the image below, the powerboat must Give-Way. The reason for this is that adrift is actually considered as “underway” even with engines off. Oftentimes in lakes or sheltered bays, we will encounter powerboats that are adrift as sunbathing, etc. The rules are clear – adrift is underway and appropriate Giving Way must be done. However, the rules are also clear in that you must avoid collision. Therefore, if you determine that the skipper of a powerboat that is adrift is not getting up and shifting out of your way then you must avoid the adrift powerboat AND you must do so in order not to create a close-quarters situation. In any case, this is one of those situations where a little courtesy should also be applied. The choice now becomes, which way should you go, windward or leeward of the vessel? Going windward in a close-hauled sail set could be dangerous because your vessel always has a certain amount of sideslip and you just might not make it – or the wind could change, causing you not to be able to make as tight of a heading as you estimated. Going in front of the boat also has its concerns, because if the captain suddenly turned on engines in a panic to get out of your way he might steer right into you. In this situation, if the boat were not taking evasive maneuvers, we’d recommend loudly announcing your intentions preferably with a whistle or horn, bearing away from the wind and passing well clear to the lee (downwind) of the vessel.

Above: the adrift powerboat must Give Way to the sailboat – even if the engines are off. However, as you know, the sailboat has every responsibility not to cause a collision  – even if it is the stand-on vessel. The sailboat would be prudent  (and is required) to take action early to ensure it misses the powerboat.

Above: This is an interesting one. The trailing sailboat on is on starboard and the leading sailboat is on port. Which do you think must Give Way? Well, for a collision to exist, the rear vessel must be overtaking the leader. The overtaking vessel must Give Way even though she is on starboard. In this case starboard Gives-Way to port. Don’t get confused, just remember that an overtaking boat Gives-Way to the other. This is a pretty obvious logical rule and as you’ll see later – being Overtaken is at the top of the pecking order of Stand-On.

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The motorboat crossing the paths with a pwc: What actions to take?

Motorboat crossing the paths with a pwc.

Meeting another boat at sea is like approaching an unmarked intersection on the road.

Just like you have to follow a set of rules when you reach a cross-section, you must follow specific rules when approaching another boat at sea. You must follow simple rules to avoid a collision.

It is essential to know what to expect when you cross paths with another vessel. When in water, there are rules to govern the action of each vessel.

Unfortunately, many vessel operators do not know the rules. Not complying with regulations can get you in trouble.

While taking a Boat Ed or boating exam, you may come across the question –

If the motorboat is crossing the paths with a PWC, what action should be taken?

The correct answer to this question is – The vessel on the left (port) hand side should be the one to give way.

Now let us read some more information on the topic.

What is a PWC?

A personal watercraft (PWC) is a recreational watercraft that uses an inboard jet drive as its primary propulsion source.

Also known as a water scooter, a PWC is designed to be operated by a person sitting, standing, or kneeling on it.

What action to take if a motorboat crossing the paths with a pwc?

If a motorboat is crossing the paths with a PWC, the vessel on the port(left) side should give way.

A PWC should be treated like a motorboat. The rules are the same for a PWC or a motorboat.

If one vessel is crossing from the port side and the other one is crossing from the starboard side, then the one crossing from the port side is the make-way vessel and must alter its speed to avoid a collision.

The vessel on the starboard side must be given time to cross first.

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Who has the right of way on the water?

Every captain should know the basics about what one has to do when two boats approach each other on the water. Here are some guidelines that you must understand and follow –

• Stand-on vessel – The boats that enjoy the right-of-way are known as ‘stand-on vessels.’ The stand-on vessel can maintain speed and direction while approaching other vessels.

If you are the stand-on vessel, it is your responsibility to acknowledge the give-way vessel’s intended actions. You must maintain your speed and current course until the give-way vessel passes or you enter a dangerous situation.

• Give-way vessel – The boats that are not given the right-of-way are known as give-way vessels. A give-way vessel should take early, substantial measures to steer clear of the stand-on vessel. You must stop, alter the speed and direction of your boat to avoid a collision. If you are the give-way vessel, it is your responsibility to signal your intentions to the stand-on craft.  It is also your responsibility to maneuver your boat around the other in a safe manner.

Which is the stand on vessel motorboat or PWC?

PWCs are considered to be powerboats, and the same rules apply to them. In the scenario when a PWC encounters a motorboat, these are the rules of the road that come into play –

Meeting head-on

When a PWC and a motorboat are about to meet head-on, each vessel should move to the starboard side and pass in a normal traffic pattern (Pass with the other vessel to port.)

Vessels crossing paths

When a PWC wishes to cross the path of a motorboat, the direction of the approach is the factor that determines which one has the right of way. If a motorboat approaches you from the starboard side, it has the right of way.

You must take early and substantial action to avoid the other craft. If the other vessel approaches you from your port side, you have the right of way and must maintain your speed and course.

Overtaking another boat

Overtaking another boat is legal. You can do so either on the port side or on the starboard side.

According to the Collision Regulations, the vessel intending to overtake another one on the starboard side should sound one blast of the horn.

After ensuring the starboard side is clear, the boat that has to be overtaken should respond by sounding a single blast of the horn, indicating that the overtaking boat can proceed.

If the intention is to pass on the port side, the overtaking vessel has to sound two blasts on the horn to indicate their intent. 

After ensuring that the port side is clear, the vessel that has to be overtaken should respond by sounding two blasts of the horn, indicating that the overtaking boat can proceed.

What should a powerboat do when crossing paths with a sailboat?

If you are operating a powerboat, you must always give way to a sailing vessel unless the sailing vessel is overtaking your vessel.

There is a pecking order that determines the right of way for vessels of different types. Understand this list and get familiar with it.

The vessels lower on the list are the give-way vessels and must stay out of the way of the boats that are higher on the list.

1. Overtaken vessel (top priority)

2. Vessels not under command

3. Vessels that are restricted in their ability to maneuver

4. Vessels that are constrained by draft

5. Fishing vessels that are engaged in fishing, with gear deployed

6. Sailing vessels

7. Power-driven vessels

What should a sailboat operator do when approaching a PWC head-on?

The sailboat operator should maintain its current speed and the current course as it is the stand-on craft.

The motorized PWC is the give-way craft, so it should maneuver to avoid the sailboat as the sailboat lacks maneuverability.  On a head-to-head collision, both vessels should pass port to port.

What do you do if you are operating a motorboat that is being overtaken by a sailboat?

If you are operating a motorboat being overtaken by a sailboat, you should keep going as you are. The vessel that is being overtaken is always the stand-on vessel.

The vessel you are overtaking is the give-way vessel, regardless of whether it is a power-driven vessel or a sailboat.

Now, let’s look at some frequently asked questions related to PWC and what actions to when motorboat crossing the paths with a pwc.

Can you consider a PWC a boat?

The US Coast Guard classifies the PWC as a Class A Inboard Boat (a boat less than 16 feet in length).

They are designed to carry up to three persons and can be operated by a person sitting, standing, or kneeling on the watercraft.

A PWC does not look like a boat but is subjected to the same laws as a yacht, and all boating licenses also work the same way.

What are the legal requirements to operate a PWC?

The legal requirements to operate a PWC include –

• A person should be a minimum of 16 years of age to operate a PWC.
• You need to wear a personal floatation device to operate a PWC.
• If you want to ride in the dark, you will need to have navigational lights.
• All operators of personal watercraft must have a Boating Safety Education Certificate in their possession.
• All operators of PWC should adhere to boating law as violating these laws can have legal consequences.

Is it safe to ride PWC at night?

It is illegal to ride a PWC at night in most states in the US. In some states, it is allowed, but you have to have to correct navigational lights installed and turned on.

 However, it is not safe to drive PWCs at night as the rider can get seriously hurt. The navigational lights of the PWC can confuse the other boats, especially from a distance.

A PWC can move fast and suddenly change direction, which can confuse the other boaters at night.

Are you required to wear a PFD on a PWC?

Each person on board a PWC must wear a US Coast Guard-approved wearable Type I, II, or III PFD.

How much distance should one PWC maintain from another PWC or boat?

A PWC should maintain a distance of 50 feet from any other boat, PWC, or jet ski. A PWC should maintain a similar distance from other people in the water, stationary platforms in the water, and shorelines.

What actions to take if a sailboat under sail is about to cross paths with a PWC?

If a sailboat under sail is about to cross paths with a PWC, the PWC should change its speed and course. The power-driven vessel is the give-way vessel, and the sailing vessel is the stand-on vessel.

If two boats are traveling on paths that will cross, what determines which boat is the give-way vessel?

The answer depends on these two factors –

1. How are the vessels propelled?

• Two power-driven vessels
• Two sailing vessels
• A power-driven vessel and a sailing vessel

2. How are the two vessels approaching one another?

• Meeting head-on – the vessel operator can see another vessel ahead.
• Paths that cross- this involves a risk of collision
• Overtaking – A vessel is trying to overtake another vessel from behind.

Final thoughts on the motorboat crossing the paths with a pwc

I hope you are now familiar with all the rules and laws regarding passing, crossing, and overtaking different vessels in the water.

In this post, we have tried to answer all your questions regarding PWCs, including what to do when the motorboat crossing the paths with a pwc. We hope you find this information helpful for your boating exams.

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Sailboat vs. Powerboat: Which Is the Give-Way Vessel? Understanding Navigation Rules on the Water

Navigating the waters is an exciting adventure, whether you’re at the helm of a sleek sailboat or commanding a powerful motorboat. However, along with this thrilling journey comes the responsibility of understanding and adhering to the marine navigation rules, specifically those concerning the right of way or the “give-way” vessel. This aspect is vital to maritime safety, ensuring orderly movement and preventing potential collisions on the high seas.

Under the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs), a powerboat is typically the give-way vessel when encountering a sailboat under sail. The powerboat should alter its course to avoid a collision. Always confirm specific situations with local and international rules.

This article will delve into the intriguing debate between sailboats and powerboats. We’ll dissect the intricate navigation rules on the water, shedding light on the factors determining which boat must yield. 

This piece promises to be an enlightening read for seasoned mariners and beginners alike, providing essential information for anyone who wishes to tackle the waves responsibly. Remember, knowing these rules isn’t just a matter of etiquette—it’s a crucial component of maritime safety.

Table of Contents

Introduction to Nautical Navigation Rules

Navigating the vast expanse of our world’s waters requires skill and a profound understanding of maritime movement rules. These rules, known as the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs), have been established by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and are adhered to by seafarers worldwide. They provide a comprehensive framework for nautical navigation, ensuring that all vessels move in a safe and orderly manner.

Key points in understanding nautical navigation rules include:

• Understanding COLREGs: COLREGs are the universal road rules for boats and ships worldwide to prevent collisions between two or more vessels.
• Right of Way or Give-Way Rules: These rules determine which vessel is responsible for keeping out of the way in encounters with other vessels to avoid collisions.
• Sound and Light Signals: COLREGs establish a system of sound and light signals so vessels can communicate their intentions in various scenarios, especially in poor visibility.
• Navigation Lights and Shapes: Vessels must display specific lights and shapes in different situations to indicate their status to other vessels.
• Steering and Sailing Rules: These rules determine vessels’ actions in the sight of one another to prevent collisions.
• Special Circumstances: There are also rules for special circumstances, such as vessels not under command, constrained by draft, engaged in fishing , or sailing in narrow channels.

Understanding the Concept of the Give-Way Vessel

Understanding the concept of the give-way vessel is fundamental to maritime navigation. In nautical terms, a ‘give-way’ vessel refers to the boat required to alter its course or speed to avoid colliding with another boat, the ‘stand-on’ vessel. Essentially, the give-way vessel must yield to the stand-on vessel. 

These designations help create an orderly flow of traffic on the water and significantly reduce the risk of collisions. It’s important to note that these roles can change based on various factors, including the type of vessels involved, their relative positions, and the environmental conditions.

The responsibility of the give-way vessel does not absolve the stand-on vessel of all duties. If it becomes apparent that the give-way vessel is not taking appropriate action to avoid a collision, the stand-on vessel must take evasive action. 

Regardless of their designation, both vessels share a mutual obligation to avoid incidents at sea. Understanding these dynamics and responsibilities is crucial for all mariners, as it contributes to safer navigation and fosters a culture of mutual respect and cooperation on the waterways.

Sailboats vs. Powerboats: A Basic Overview

Sailboats and powerboats represent two distinct modes of marine transportation, each with unique characteristics, advantages, and challenges. Sailboats, propelled primarily by wind action on their sails, offer an eco-friendly, serene, and often sportive seafaring way. On the other hand, powerboats, driven by mechanical engines, provide speed, power, and often more control, particularly in challenging weather conditions. Each type requires different skill sets and knowledge to operate safely and efficiently.

Key characteristics of sailboats and powerboats include:

• Propulsion: Sailboats rely on the wind acting on sails, rigging, and hull for propulsion. In contrast, powerboats use engines (inboard, outboard, or stern-drive) for movement.
• Speed: Powerboats generally offer higher speeds than sailboats, making them suitable for water skiing, racing, or quick transportation. Sailboats, being wind-dependent, can’t match the speed of a motorboat but offer a more leisurely pace.
• Maneuverability: Powerboats usually have superior maneuverability due to their engines. Sailboats, reliant on wind and currents, require more skill and understanding of these elements for effective control.
• Fuel efficiency and environmental impact: Sailboats are more environmentally friendly and fuel-efficient as they use wind power. Powerboats rely on fuel, which leads to emissions and potential environmental impact.
• Skills and knowledge required: Operating a sailboat requires knowledge of sailing techniques and wind patterns. Powerboat operation is typically more straightforward but requires an understanding of engine operation and maintenance.

The Role of a Powerboat in Marine Traffic

Powerboats play a significant role in the vast and diverse arena of marine traffic due to their speed, maneuverability, and versatility. These vessels can range from small personal watercraft and motorboats to larger yachts and ships, all powered by engines. 

Their mechanical propulsion allows them to move independently of wind and current conditions, giving them an advantage in certain navigational situations. They can quickly respond to changes in direction, making them particularly valuable in congested waters or emergencies.

However, this power and speed come with responsibilities. Powerboats are generally considered the give-way vessel when encountering sailboats under sail, mainly because they have more control over their course and speed. They are expected to be vigilant and proactive in avoiding collisions, altering course or speed as needed. 

Also, due to their potential to create a significant wake, powerboat operators must also be mindful of their vessel’s impact on other boats, wildlife, and shoreline erosion. Thus, the role of a powerboat in marine traffic extends beyond its capabilities—it includes the duty to navigate responsibly for the safety of all water users.

The Role of a Sailboat in Marine Traffic

Sailboats hold a unique and enduring presence in marine traffic. They are characterized by their dependence on the wind for propulsion, using sails to catch and harness its power. These vessels, varying from small dinghies to large sailing yachts, offer a sense of tradition, adventure, and connection with nature that is often unmatched. 

Sailboats can navigate in areas with depth restrictions where larger powerboats cannot go, and their silence and absence of emissions make them an eco-friendly choice for seafaring.

Despite their slower speeds and lesser maneuverability than powerboats, sailboats generally have the right of way under the COLREGs when they are under sail and in a crossing situation with power-driven vessels. This rule recognizes the limitations of a sailboat’s maneuverability due to its dependence on wind direction and strength. 

However, this privilege does not free them from the responsibility of maintaining a proper lookout and taking corrective action when it’s clear that the give-way vessel isn’t taking appropriate action or when both vessels are in such proximity that immediate action is necessary. Therefore, the role of a sailboat in marine traffic is not just about leveraging wind power but also about understanding and adhering to the navigation rules for everyone’s safety.

The Powerboat-Sailboat Encounter: Identifying the Give-Way Vessel

Navigating encounters between powerboats and sailboats is a fundamental aspect of marine safety. In general, according to the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs), the powerboat is usually the give-way vessel when encountering a sailboat that is under sail. This is because a powerboat with an engine is typically more maneuverable than a sailboat that relies on the wind for propulsion.

The give-way vessel, in this case, the powerboat, has the responsibility to take early and substantial action to avoid colliding with the stand-on vessel, which in this case would be the sailboat. This may involve altering the course, reducing speed, or combining both. These rules aim to create a predictable path for both vessels to prevent a collision.

However, it’s essential to understand that these rules can have exceptions based on specific scenarios. For instance, when a sailboat overtakes a powerboat, it becomes the give-way vessel, regardless of its propulsion method. Furthermore, if the sailboat is operating its engine and not clearly showing sails, it is considered a powerboat under the COLREGs.

Both powerboat and sailboat operators must know these rules to ensure safe navigation. Importantly, the ultimate rule is to avoid collision – even if this means the stand-on vessel has to give way. Knowledge, caution, and mutual respect are key to maintaining safety on the water.

Factors Influencing the Give-Way Decision For Boats

Several factors influence the decision of which vessel is the give-way vessel. These include the type of vessels involved, their relative positions, and the specific scenario they are in. While the general rule is that powerboats give way to sailboats under sail, there are exceptions and other factors that can change this rule. Understanding these factors is critical for safe navigation and collision avoidance.

Key factors influencing the give-way decision include:

• Type of Vessels Involved: The type of vessels involved in an encounter greatly influences the give-way decision. For example, vessels not under command, vessels limited in their ability to maneuver, boats constrained by their draft, fishing vessels, and sailboats generally have right of way over power-driven vessels.
• Relative Positions: The relative positions of the vessels also influence the giveaway decision. For example, a vessel overtaking another is generally the give-way vessel, regardless of the type of vessel involved.
• Operating Conditions of Vessels: Whether a vessel is under power or sail can influence the give-way decision. A sailboat under power is considered a power-driven vessel subject to the same rules as other vessels.
• Navigational Hazards: Navigational hazards may also impact the giveaway decision. A vessel in a position where it can safely navigate may be required to give way to a vessel closer to navigational hazards.
• Traffic Density: In areas of high traffic density, vessels may be required to maintain a higher level of vigilance and may need to take action to avoid collisions earlier than in areas of low traffic density.

Remember, while the give-way rules provide a framework for determining who has the right of way in a given situation, the ultimate responsibility of all mariners is to take whatever action is necessary to avoid a collision.

Special Situations: Exceptions to the Rule

While the general rules of navigation provide a solid foundation for maritime safety, there are special situations where exceptions to the rule apply. These exceptions account for the complexity and unpredictability of marine conditions and ensure that the primary goal of collision avoidance is always met.

• Overtaking Situations: Regardless of the type of vessel, the overtaking vessel is usually the give-way vessel. The stand-on vessel should maintain its course and speed, while the overtaking vessel should keep out of the way until it is past and clear.
• Narrow Channels: In narrow channels, all vessels should keep as near the channel’s outer limit on their starboard side. A boat shorter than 20 meters in length or a sailing vessel can not hinder the passage of a vessel that can navigate only in a narrow channel or fairway.
• Traffic Separation Schemes: In traffic separation schemes, a vessel should join or leave a traffic lane at the smallest angle to the general direction of traffic flow. A vessel should try to avoid crossing traffic lanes and should cross on a heading as close as possible to right angles to the prevailing traffic flow direction if obliged.
• Vessels Not Under Command or Restricted in their Ability to Maneuver: These vessels, due to exceptional circumstances, cannot maneuver as required by the COLREGs and are, therefore, usually given the right of way.
• Vessels Engaged in Fishing: Vessels engaged in fishing, when underway, shall have the right of way over other vessels, except those not under command or restricted in their ability to maneuver.

Bryan is a Las Vegas resident who loves spending his free time out on the water. Boating on Lake Mohave or Lake Havasu is his favorite way to unwind and escape the hustle and bustle of the city. More about Bryan.

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A Powerboat Operating at Night: Which Lights Must Be Shown?

If you are operating a powerboat at night, it is crucial to ensure that your vessel is properly equipped with the appropriate lighting. Not only is it required by law, but it also helps to ensure the safety of everyone on board. But which lights are necessary to show?

Navigation lights are essential for any powerboat operating at night. These lights are designed to help other vessels identify your boat's position, direction of travel, and size. They are required by law and must be displayed from sunset to sunrise and during periods of reduced visibility.

Visibility and distance are also important factors to consider when operating a powerboat at night. Your boat's lighting system should be bright enough to be seen from a distance, but not so bright that it impairs the vision of other boaters. Additionally, the type and size of your vessel may also impact the lighting requirements.

Key Takeaways

• Navigation lights are required for all powerboats operating at night.
• Proper lighting helps to ensure the safety of everyone on board.
• Consider visibility, distance, and vessel size when selecting lighting options.

Powerboat Lighting Requirements

When operating a powerboat at night, it is important to have the  proper lighting to ensure the safety of everyone on board and other vessels in the area. The following are the mandatory lights that must be shown:

Mandatory Lights

• Masthead Light : This white light must be shown from the front of the boat and must be visible from at least 2 nautical miles away. It should be placed at a height of at least 1 meter above the sidelights.
• Sidelights : A red light must be shown on the port side of the boat, and a green light must be shown on the starboard side. These lights must be visible from at least 1 nautical mile away and placed at a height of at least 1 meter above the waterline.
• Stern Light : This white light must be shown at the back of the boat and must be visible from at least 2 nautical miles away. It should be placed at a height of at least 1 meter above the sidelights.
• All-Round White Light : This light can be used in place of the masthead light and stern light. It must be visible from at least 2 nautical miles away and placed at a height of at least 1 meter above the sidelights.

It is important to note that these lights should be displayed in a way that does not interfere with the vision of the operator or other vessels in the area. Additionally, the color of the lights should not be altered in any way that could confuse other boaters.

In addition to the mandatory lights, it is recommended to have a backup lantern or combination lights in case of an emergency or failure of the primary lighting system. By following these requirements, you can ensure the safety of everyone on board and other vessels in the area while operating a powerboat at night.

Navigation Lights

When operating a powerboat at night, it is important to have the  proper navigation lights on to ensure safe navigation and avoid collisions. The primary navigation lights that must be shown are the sidelights and the sternlight.

The sidelights are located on the port and starboard sides of the boat and emit a green light on the starboard side and a red light on the port side. These lights help other boaters determine the direction the vessel is traveling and its size.

The sternlight is located on the stern of the boat and emits a white light. This light helps other boaters determine the position and direction of the vessel. It is important to note that the sternlight should not be visible from the front of the boat.

It is also important to ensure that the centerline of the boat is clearly visible to other boaters. This can be achieved by placing a white light on the centerline of the boat.

In addition to the navigation lights, it is recommended to have a spotlight on board to help identify any potential obstacles or hazards in the water.

Overall, when operating a powerboat at night, it is crucial to have the proper navigation lights on to ensure the safety of both the vessel and other boaters in the area.

Visibility and Distance

When operating a powerboat at night, it is crucial to ensure that you are visible to other boats and vessels. To achieve this, you must display the correct lights. According to the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGS), a power-driven vessel of less than 50 meters in length must show the following lights:

• A white masthead light forward
• A white stern light aft
• A green starboard light on the right side
• A red port light on the left side

These lights must be visible from at least two miles away on a clear night. However, if you are in a narrow channel or fairway, these distances may be reduced to one mile.

It is essential to remember that these lights must be displayed from sunset to sunrise and during periods of restricted visibility. Therefore, if it is dark and you are operating your powerboat, you must turn on these lights to ensure that other vessels can see you.

Finally, it is important to note that the horizon can affect how far away your lights are visible. If you are operating your powerboat in an area with a low horizon, your lights may not be visible from as far away as they would in an area with a higher horizon. Therefore, it is essential to be aware of your surroundings and adjust your speed and course accordingly.

Powerboat Versus Sailboat

When it comes to operating a powerboat at night, it is important to understand the differences between powerboats and sailboats. While both types of vessels have their advantages and disadvantages, there are certain factors that must be taken into consideration when operating a powerboat at night.

One of the main differences between powerboats and sailboats is the way they are powered. Powerboats rely on engine power to move through the water, while sailboats use wind power to move their sails. This means that powerboats are generally faster and more maneuverable than sailboats, which can be an advantage when navigating at night.

However, powerboats also have certain limitations when it comes to navigating in low-light conditions. For example, powerboats must display certain lights to indicate their position and direction of travel. These lights include a red light on the port side, a green light on the starboard side, and a white light at the stern. These lights must be visible from a distance of at least two miles away, which can be challenging in some situations.

Sailboats, on the other hand, are not required to display the same lights as powerboats. Instead, they must display a white light at the top of their mast to indicate their position and direction of travel. This light must also be visible from a distance of at least two miles away.

In addition to these differences in lighting requirements, powerboats and sailboats also have different handling characteristics. Powerboats are generally more responsive and easier to maneuver than sailboats, which can be an advantage when navigating in tight spaces or in rough water. However, sailboats are generally more stable and can handle rough seas better than powerboats.

Overall, when operating a powerboat at night, it is important to understand the differences between powerboats and sailboats. By taking these differences into consideration, you can navigate safely and confidently, no matter what type of vessel you are operating.

Size and Type of Vessel

When operating a powerboat at night, it is crucial to ensure that you display the correct lights. The type and size of your vessel determine the lighting requirements. The following table outlines the lighting requirements for different types of boats:

It is essential to note that canoes, trawling, and dredging vessels have different lighting requirements. Canoes should display a white light visible from all directions, while trawling and dredging vessels should display the appropriate lights as per their size and type.

In summary, the size and type of your vessel determine the lighting requirements when operating at night. Ensure that you display the correct lights to avoid collisions and ensure the safety of everyone on board.

Boating Rules and Safety

When operating a powerboat at night, it is crucial to follow the proper boating rules and safety guidelines to ensure a safe and enjoyable experience. One of the most important rules to follow is to display the correct lights on your boat.

According to navigation rules, a power-driven vessel underway must display a white masthead light forward, a white stern light aft, and red and green sidelights. These lights will help other boats determine your position, direction of travel, and whether you are the give-way or stand-on vessel.

In addition to displaying the correct lights, it is also important to be aware of other boats approaching you. If you see a boat approaching head-on, both boats should alter course to starboard to avoid a collision. If you are overtaking another boat, you should keep a safe distance and pass on the port side.

Furthermore, it is important to be aware of boats that are towing. These boats may have restricted maneuverability and require extra space to turn or stop. As the operator of a powerboat, you should give way to these boats and maintain a safe distance.

By following these  boating rules and safety guidelines , you can ensure a safe and enjoyable experience while operating a powerboat at night. Remember to always be aware of your surroundings and other boats on the water.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are navigation lights for small boats.

Navigation lights are used to help other boats see you and determine your direction of travel at night. They are required by law and must be displayed on all boats when underway between sunset and sunrise and in periods of reduced visibility.

What should you do if you are operating a motorboat that is being overtaken by a sailboat?

If you are being overtaken by a sailboat, you should maintain your course and speed. The sailboat has the right of way and should pass you on your port side. You should keep your navigation lights on so that the sailboat can see you.

What does a single white light on a boat tell you when boating at night?

A single white light on a boat tells you that the boat is anchored or moored. If you see a white light that is flashing, it may indicate that the boat is in distress.

What are the rules for boat lights at night?

All boats are required to display navigation lights when underway between sunset and sunrise and in periods of reduced visibility. The lights must be visible from a distance of at least 2 miles away.

What are the rules for boat navigation lights?

Navigation lights must be displayed in accordance with the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGS). These regulations specify the type, color, and location of navigation lights for different types of vessels.

What lights must be displayed on a boat at night?

All boats must display a red light on the port side and a green light on the starboard side. They must also display a white light at the stern. In addition, some boats may be required to display additional lights, such as a masthead light or an all-around white light.

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Man Overboard Rescue For Powerboats

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Few of us plan for a crew member to fall overboard. Getting that person back aboard is harder than you think.

Man Overboard Modules (MOMs) like the Switlik 600 provide flotation and visibility.

Unless you do the right things, fast, when someone falls overboard, that person could be lost. Man-overboard (MOB) fatalities make up 24 percent of all boating deaths. Our BoatUS Foundation for Boating Safety and Clean Water has studied these incidents over a five year period and created a picture of the typical accident. The majority of cases do not involve bad weather, rough seas, or other extenuating circumstances. "Most happen on relatively calm waters, on a small boat that's not going very fast," said Chris Edmonston, president of the BoatUS Foundation. "Victims tend to be men. Fishing is a prime activity, and in many cases, alcohol is involved."

Numerous articles have been written about recovering a lost crew member from a sailboat, but MOB procedures for powerboaters have seldom been addressed. In light of the profile above, we present a general overview of MOB scenarios and procedures for the benefit of all boaters, no matter the size of your boat. We include an accompanying sidebar, "Brother, Save Thyself," about how to get back aboard a small boat. We also present and illustrate the Quick-Stop method, favored by many sailboaters:

Know Your Boat's Characteristics

When someone falls overboard, it's critical to get to the victim quickly. Think about how you'll do this on your boat without endangering the victim with your prop. Consider the freeboard of your boat. If it's high, this makes it difficult to get a victim back aboard. If your boat has a squared chine (bottom), waves may cause the boat to crash down on a victim who's alongside, while a rounded chine may push the victim away from the boat and out of reach. Look at your stern platform. Will it help, or plunge down on a victim, pushing him underwater and perhaps into the props? Before there's an emergency, consider how these factors affect your boat's maneuverability, and fit your boat out with gear that might mitigate some of these challenges (see MOB equipment sidebar below).

Equipment To Locate MOB

No matter what size or type of boat you have, you should carry:

• USCG-approved floating cushions, ring buoys, and life jackets with colors that stand out at sea and that are readily available.These can help the victim float and help lead you back to him. (Life jackets with mirrors and waterproof lights are a smart idea.)
• A GPS with MOB feature.

Here are other MOB-location gear to consider carrying:

• AutoTether Screamer Wireless Alarm System sounds an alarm that a crewmember wearing a transmitter has gone overboard. The sooner you know you have an MOB, the more likely you are to find the victim in time.
• SafeLink R10 SRS (Survivor Recovery System) utilizes both GPS technology and the AIS system to help you and nearby AIS-equipped vessels find a victim.
• ResQLink+ by ACR is a personal locator beacon (PLB) worn by the victim that enables USCG to find and retrieve him. (Note: PLBs alert authorities, but not you, to the MOB. An MOB alarm enables you to respond immediately — particularly important if the water is cold and the victim has no flotation.)
• An MOB floating rescue flagpole that you can toss over the side. It unfurls a bright yellow flag that's easier to spot from a distance.

Equipment To Retrieve MOB

According to rescue professionals, getting an exhausted victim back aboard who may be unable to assist in the rescue can be far more challenging than returning to the victim. Every boat should be equipped with an easy way for someone to get aboard from the water.

On most boats, the best solution is a boarding ladder that's structurally strong, well-designed, easily put in place, and long enough for your freeboard and for the victim to climb easily. The ladder should be relatively vertical, stand off the hull for toe clearance (which a rope ladder doesn't do), have nonskid steps, and be capable of firmly attaching to the boat. Generally, a ladder mounted to the side is safer and easier to use than one on the stern.

If your boat has low freeboard and came with a boarding ladder, beware: Many built-on swing-down ladders don’t swing down deeply enough for an exhausted person to climb up, and they don't have adequate hand grips fastened to the boat for the victim to grab and pull. Most people have the greatest strength in their legs, not their arms. Improve your ladder and hand grip, or get a long ladder that hooks over the gunwale, such as the West Marine Portable Gunwale-Mount Boarding Ladder.

Lines with loops at each end can also be useful. They need to be of proper length to rig quickly for use as a handhold, support, or recovery sling.

Beyond these essentials, you may want to carry a MOM (Man Overboard Module) and/or a Lifesling. MOMs come in several models ranging from floats to platform rafts that rapidly release and inflate. The Lifesling has a floating yellow yoke, and you can buy a 5:1 purchase tackle to help pull the victim up .

Your boat must be set up in advance to properly utilize this gear. For example, the tackle that you can purchase with a Lifesling can help a weak person lift a heavy person out of the water. But a secure attachment point on the boat high enough above water (generally about 10 feet above the waterline) must be installed in advance. If there isn’t a high enough place to attach a securing point, the Markus Scramble-net or other equipment that doesn't require as high an attachment point may work for you.

Consider Your First Steps Before The Worst Happens

If you have an MOB, the following basic procedure needs to happen immediately. To prevent confusion from impeding swift action, practice. But remember, your exact actions must depend on many variables.

1. The instant someone falls overboard, yell "Man overboard!" to alert crew to the emergency, and establish an unceasing visual on the victim. If you have enough crew, assign this job to one person and let nothing interfere with that person keeping the victim in sight and pointing at the victim from that first moment on.

2. If you're unsure of where the person is or if there is a chance the props could endanger him, stop the boat and ensure that the props don't injure the victim now or later.

3. Activate your GPS MOB button if you have one.

4. Throw MOB gear, life jackets, flotation cushions anything that will help the victim float and help you keep track of him, but not so much as to confuse a search.

5. Return to and attempt to retrieve the victim. Several alternative methods are illustrated on these pages and discussed in the next section.

6. If the situation is life-threatening, call mayday three times on VHF 16. Then say, "Man overboard," and give your location, boat description, and the description of the victim. Do this three times in succession. Don't hesitate to issue a mayday you can always cancel it if you get the person back aboard safely.

Sea and wind state: When you get closer to the victim, determine how much and how fast the wind and sea are pushing your boat, which is having the most effect, and how fast you're drifting. If the sea is rough, it may be dangerous to come alongside the victim, especially if he's exhausted or injured. Go slowly. If he does not have flotation, try to toss him a flotation and/or retrieval device as you approach.

Water temperature: Sudden cold-water immersion can cause involuntary gasp reflex or cardiac arrest. Often a surprised MOB victim will instinctively gasp and suck in a large volume of water, which could lead to drowning. Also, a victim's loss of body heat may weaken and disorient him, limiting his ability to swim or help in his rescue. The victim should try to maintain core body heat for as long as possible by keeping his arms down and crossed, and knees bent up to his chest, if possible. Wearing a life jacket helps the victim's odds significantly.

Physical condition of victim: Excess weight, poor swimming ability, panic, lack of arm strength, injury, hypothermia, and other factors make retrieval extremely challenging. The person in the boat may need special equipment or assistance to get the victim aboard.

Skill, size, and ability of person(s) aboard: One person aboard a high-freeboard boat may find it almost impossible to get a victim aboard, particularly if either person isn't in good physical condition, or if the larger and/or more skilled person is in the water. Think about an alternative, such as a Lifesling, or another system that could work on your particular boat.Visibility:

Take a look around. If visibility is poor, slow down and make sure you know where the victim is. If an approaching fog bank or squall could reduce visibility soon, get back to the victim before you lose sight of him.

Other boats: If you're in a rough inlet with many boats racing past, position your boat to protect the victim and begin visual warning signaling. In some cases, it may be prudent to wait for help before you begin retrieval. One example would be if you were alone on board and another boat nearby with strong experienced swimmers and retrieval gear responded to your distress call and was on their way to the scene.

Sobering MOB Facts

Our BoatUS Foundation has created a snapshot of boating fatalities that occurred between 2003 and 2007, a five-year span that gives good insight on MOB accidents and how they happen, so that we can work to help lower those numbers. In that timeframe, 749 of the 3,133 total U.S. boating fatalities were MOB:

• 24% were characterized as "falls overboard."
• 24% died at night, and 76% died during the day.
• 82% were on a boat under 22 feet in length.
• 63% didn't know how to swim.
• Only 8% of the non-swimmers were wearing a life jacket.
• 90% of accidents occurred when water conditions were calm or had less than 1-foot chop.
• Just 4% of the boats had two engines.
• 85% of fatalities were men.
• Average age was 47.
• During the day, alcohol played a part in 27% of the deaths.
• At night, alcohol played a part in 50% of the deaths.
• Falling overboard while fishing accounted for 41% of the deaths.

— Chris Edmonston

Practice, Practice, Practice

If you want to save an MOB victim, the time to start is now. Begin planning and practicing what you'd need to do in your circumstances in your boat. This helps generate intuitive, appropriate reactions.

Practice MOB techniques by throwing a fender with a bucket attached into the water. Return to it, approach it, and get it aboard while being extremely careful that you keep the props away from the "victim."

The best equipment may be useless unless you know how to deploy it without thinking. For example, if you have a Lifesling with tackle, on a calm day, near shore, practice putting a person in the water, rig it, and use it. Also, practice with the "victim" pretending helplessness. The "victim" should be wearing a life jacket.

Practicing may teach you that the best you can do is to stabilize the victim safely alongside and call the Coast Guard for help on the VHF. Unless you're in really cold water, it usually takes a relatively long time to become unconscious due to hypothermia. The key is to keep the victim from drowning, getting injured, or becoming disconnected from the mother ship.

As you practice, think through contingency plans for each of the three steps necessary to retrieve a person who has gone over the side: Return to the victim, approach the victim, and get the victim aboard.

Return to the victim: If a person goes over the side while the boat is underway, it's normally best to turn toward the side he went over, in order to swing the stern and props away from the victim.

Three Alternatives For Returning To A Victim

You should know instantly when someone goes over if you're in a smaller center console. But in a larger boat, more time may pass before you notice. To find the victim, you will need to calculate and steer a reciprocal course back to the location. The illustrations above show several methods for returning to a victim. For more information, refer to the Coast Guard Boat Crew Seamanship Manual.

If you need to rely on the MOB feature on your GPS to find the victim, learn where that button is, now, so you can push it while doing everything else needed at the same time. Be sure you will understand, even under duress, what the GPS is telling you.

Approach the victim: Two effective alternatives for approaching the victim are illustrated above. Decide on the best approach based on factors including but not limited to sea state, current, whether other boats are approaching, your boat's characteristics, and your crew's capabilities. Have those responsible for pulling the victim aboard (hopefully more than just you) in position and ready.

In most situations, it is safest to approach the victim with your bow facing into the wind and waves. If possible, throw him a line when you get close enough. Then turn off the engine(s), pull the victim in to the boat, and bring him to the ladder-hoisting area. This will minimize the chance of striking the victim with the propeller.

On a smaller boat without a lot of windage, it may be safer to come to a controlled stop upwind of the MOB and drift down on him, with crew ready to reach over and grab him. This may prove challenging on a boat with a lot of windage and high freeboard, but relatively easy on a center console. In some circumstances, it may be better to approach downwind but circle closely and come into the wind next to the victim.

While it is usually safest to approach the MOB with the wind and waves over the bow, this may not be possible in a narrow channel, in large waves, near obstructions, or in other circumstances where maneuverability is limited. To prepare for these situations, practice approaching the victim with the wind and sea behind you, very slowly. Maintain control of the boat to avoid floating over the victim.

Lifesling, Towline, Or Ski-Rope Retrieval

If you have a Lifesling or other retrieving line, slowly circle the victim, towing the line behind the boat until it comes within the victim's reach (see illustration above). Then stop the boat and pull the victim in.

Get the victim aboard: The very best way to get a victim back aboard is with a strong, well-built ladder. If you don't have a ladder or a Lifesling with tackle, a recovery line looped under the victim's arms (see illustration) may enable one or more people to pull him up over a relatively high freeboard.

When trying to retrieve a victim and bring him back aboard into a center console with low freeboard, it may help to position the victim facing the boat with both arms reaching upward. If the person aboard has the necessary strength, he should reach down and grasp the victim's wrists; the victim should grab the rescuer's wrists; and the rescuer should lift the victim straight out of the water. If you have a net or tarp, you may be able to secure one side to your gunwale, carefully work the net/tarp under the victim, then hold him in place until more help comes.

MOB testing has proven that if the victim is helpless and unable to assist, it will be very difficult to get him back into the boat. If you have a strong swimmer aboard, conditions are appropriate, and it's safe to do so, consider having that person (wearing a life jacket) go in and help the victim get to and climb up a strong ladder. But remember that you now have two people in the water, and, potentially, two victims at risk. Calling mayday, keeping the victim next to the boat, and waiting for assistance may be a more prudent course of action.

Brother, Save Thyself

Approximately half of the 749 MOB fatalities reported in our "MOB Facts" sidebar occurred on boats with only one person aboard; in 190 fatalities (about 25 percent), only two people were aboard. This means that, many times, victims fall overboard from smaller boats – many while fishing alone or with one friend; they can't get back aboard their boats, and drown.

So, for small-boat operators, think about how to set up your boat so that you can effectively get back aboard yourself:

• Use an engine cut-off switch, especially if you're operating the boat alone.
• Make sure there's a sturdy boarding ladder either permanently attached to the boat, or where it can be reached from over the side.
• It can pay to simply secure a line to the boat, tie a loop in the end (large enough for your foot), and hang it over the side so you can reach it from the water. With the engine off, practice climbing aboard using the loop.
• On some boats, it may be possible to get back aboard using the back of your motor as a step. (Turn off the motor and remove the key before experimenting.)
• Wear a life jacket.

— C.E.

Crew Briefing

Each time you go out, make an MOB briefing part of your departure routine. Show people where life jackets are stowed. Better yet, encourage your crew to wear them. Most drownings occur quickly. If your crew are wearing life jackets when they go in the water, they'll stay alive longer and you will have a much better chance to save them.

Stress the necessity that someone keep an eye on an MOB victim at all times, point out throwing devices and recovery gear, show how they work, and explain challenges such as plunging stern platforms and rolling hard chines. Show crew where the radio is and how to broadcast a mayday. Also, before you set out with your crew for the day, identify a second-in-command (the person with the most skill other than you) who can take control in case you're the victim. The enemy of a successful rescue is confusion. There should be less of it if the skipper has set the stage.

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How To Avoid Collisions While Sailing

Sailing rules of the road when sailboat meets sailboat.

There are only three basic possibilities, and three basic boating rules of the road to follow, when your sailboat approaches another sailboat.

Rule 2: When you are on opposite tacks, the starboard tack boat has the right-of-way.

Rule 3: If you are overtaking the other boat, or it is overtaking you, the boat ahead (the overtaken boat) has the right-of-way.

Figure 8-3 shows the opposite tack rule. The starboard tack boat is the stand-on vessel and has the boating right-of-way.  The port tack boat has to keep clear or give way. Which boat is on port tack? If you said the boat on the right, you are correct.

Figure 8-4 shows two boats involved in the overtaking rule. In this case the boat ahead is the stand-on vessel and has the boating right-of-way. The overtaking boat has to keep clear or give way. Which boat is overtaking and what tack is that boat on? If you said the boat behind is overtaking and is on starboard tack, you are correct.

Note that these boats are sailing downwind, with the wind pushing from behind, and they are on opposite tacks. In the overtaking rule, the difference in tacks is not relevant, unless you are racing. Over many years, a complete set of sailing rules of the road specifically for sailboat racing has been developed and administered by the International Sailing Federation (ISAF), but these are not relevant to recreational sailing. If you’re looking to become a pro sailor, check out our Offshore Sailing Certification Courses.

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Right of Way and Who's Bigger

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What should you do if you are operating a motorboat that is being overtaken by a sailboat?

What should you do if you are operating a motorboat that is being overtaken by a sailboat.

If you are looking for what should you do if you are operating a motorboat that is being overtaken by a sailboat , keep reading for the valuable info. Your vessel is the “remain on” vessel which implies that you should proceed with your present speedandcourse, if safe and secure to do as such. The sailboat, being the surpassing vessel, is the “troubled” vessel, which means it has the duty to securely move around you.

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In genuine situations including troublesome islands and different pontoons, it’s very basic to need to change your present speedorcourse. This can conceivably turn around which of you is the troubled vessel (particularly in case you’re a power vessel and the other watercraft is sailing). In the circumstance you portray, it’s regularly a smart thought to simply back off and let the other watercraft move beyond you.

The Colgers are very clear, on the off chance that one vessel is surpassing another paying little mind to whether it is a speedboat or a cruising vessel, it is up to the overwhelming vessel to go round the one being overwhelmed. The vessel being overwhelmed is known as the remain on thevessel and should simply hold their course.

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Know the Proper Method of Overtaking (Passing) Another Boat

by Clint Lanier | Boating Injuries / Wrongful Death

Passing a boat on the water is nearly as common as passing an automobile on the highway. The rules are, however, remarkably different. Knowing the proper method of passing another boat is essential for safe operation and collision avoidance.

Any vessel that is overtaking (passing) any other vessel must always give way and keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken. This rule applies whether you are operating a jet ski, sailboat, motor boat or any other type of boat.

The vessel being overtaken (passed) has duties as well. It must maintain course and speed while it is being passed. Therefore, the overtaking vessel can rest assured that the vessel being overtaken will not make a sudden course change creating a risk of collision.

The overtaking vessel is allowed to pass on either the port (left) or the starboard (right) side of the vessel being overtaken, but communication needs to be made between the vessels to alert the vessel being overtaken that he is about to be passed and also to let the vessel being overtaken know whether he will be passed on his port side or starboard side.

In many unfortunate instances, an overtaking vessel makes no attempt to communicate with the vessel being overtaken and simply roars past on the port or starboard side of the overtaken vessel, often creating a risk of collision or perhaps danger from a large wake. Nobody likes to be surprised, especially when underway.

Therefore, communication between vessels is required. Under the Inland Rules, a power driven vessel intending to overtake another power driven vessel must sound the following whistle signals demonstrating intent:

One short blast of the horn means “I intend to overtake you on your starboard side.”

Two short blasts means “I intend to overtake you on your port side.”

If the vessel being overtaken agrees, it must reply with an identical one or two blast signal.  If the vessel being overtaken does not agree or feels that there is a danger presented, it must sound the danger signal consisting of five or more short blasts.

As a practical matter, especially in a motor boat, engine noise can be quite loud and it can be difficult to hear a horn or whistle blast sounded by the overtaking vessel. If you are overtaking a vessel and they haven’t acknowledged your horn or whistle blows, then they probably don’t know you are approaching. Try contacting them on channel 16 to advise them that they are being overtaken. Be sure to pass a vessel at a safe distance and only after the vessel being overtaken is aware of your presence and intentions.

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Motorboat And A PWC Are Approaching Head-On: What Action Should Be Taken?

When you meet another vessel on the sea, it is necessary that you know what to do in order to prevent an accident. Just as it is with road safety rules and regulations, navigating the ocean also requires certain guidelines.

Being well informed of these guidelines is necessary so as to be prepared upon encountering another vessel at sea. Many craft operators are ignorant of these guidelines. That is why it is important you know them, so as to avoid unnecessary mishaps.

When A Motorboat Encounters A PWC, What Is The Next Step To Take?

This is a common exam question for those who take the Boat Safety Education course. The answer to this is that each vessel should veer off to its right side, speed up, keep its course until they are very close by, and then the vessel coming from the left (port) side should reduce its speed and give way for the other vessel coming from the right (starboard) side to pass on.

Motorboat And A PWC Are Approaching Head-On, What Action Should Be Taken?

Some Guidelines For Encountering Other Vessels On The Water. There are a few essential rules the captain of every vessel should know, in order to expertly navigate the waters.

The vessels with right-of-passage

These are also called stand-on vessels; These are vessels that keep their speed and do not alter their direction when they come in contact with another vessel at sea.

They must act in accordance with the rules assigned to stand-on vessels until the intersection is passed, except a precarious situation presents itself.

The give-way vessels

These are vessels that have to stand by; reduce their speed and alter their directions when they come across another vessel at sea. They come from the port or left side of the intersection.

When an interaction occurs, these vessels are to adhere to the rules that are assigned to vessels that give way, and send a signal to the other vessel to proceed, while looking for a way to safely navigate around the oncoming craft.

Should A PWC Give Way For A Motorboat?

When a PWC & a motorboat meet, there are certain rules to follow; This is because a PWC is often regarded as a motorboat hence, the rules that apply to motorboats are also applicable to them. These rules are:

• In the occurrence of a PWC & a motorboat meeting, since they are both motorboats, they are both to move to their individual right sides, and pass by each other according to regular traffic rules.
• If an event occurs, such that a PWC seeks to cut across the path of an oncoming motorboat, two things take place. First, if the PWC is coming from the right side, then it is by rule allowed the right of passage, and therefore should stay its course and speed.Whereas, if it’s coming from the port side, which is the left side, then it has to reduce its speed, send a signal to the oncoming craft to pass on, and safely find a way to navigate around the other boat.

Precautions To Take Upon Encountering A Sailboat At Sea.

If your craft is a PWC or a motorboat, then, when you come across a sailboat on the sea, it is according to rules that you make way for them, especially when they plan to overtake your boat.

There are some guidelines that point out which vessel has the right of passage and which doesn’t. Keep these guidelines always on your mind when at sea.

On this list, vessels listed near the top have the right of way, while those nearer the end of the list have to give way for other vessels to pass by.

• A vessel that wants to overtake.
• A vessel that is unmanned.
• A craft that cannot be easily maneuvered.
• Draft-constrained crafts
• Fishing boats containing fishing equipment

Precautions For Sailboats When Encountering A PWC

The sailboat should continue on its course. It has the right of passage, and therefore, the oncoming PVC should slow down its speed, change direction and find a way to successfully navigate around the sailboat. This is because; the sailboat cannot be easily maneuvered like the PWC.

If navigation around the sailboat is impossible, the crafts should go by each other, port-side to port-side

Action Steps For Powerboat Operators When A Sailboat Signifies Interest To Overtake.

Whenever a vessel is about to be overtaken by another craft, the vessel doing the overtaking has the right-of-way, while the other vessel has to stand back and ease off on its speed.

So, as an operator of a powerboat that is about to be overtaken by a sailboat, you should ease off on your speed, and make way for the overtaking vessel to pass on.

Can The PWC Be Regarded As A Vessel?

According to the U.S Coast Guard, the PWC is a “Class A” Inboard Boat. These crafts are smaller than sixteen feet length-wise and are meant to accommodate just three passengers.

It does not have the physical features of a regular boat, but it is operated by the guidelines of a yacht and has the same boating licenses as other vessels.

Criteria For Operating A PWC

Before operating a PWC, there are some requirements to take note of.

• The intending operator should be no less than sixteen years old.
• A life jacket is compulsory for all occupants of the PWC.
• Navigation lights are an absolute must for night rides.
• Before you can drive a PWC, you must be certified by Boating Ed, that is, Boating Safety Education.
• All intending PWC operators should know the Boating rules and regulations and strictly follow them. Failure to do so attracts legal repercussions.

More About PWC

PWC is the abbreviated version of the name, Personal WaterCraft. This craft is often used as a means of recreation and is propelled by an inboard-jet drive. It is also called a water scooter and one can operate it either by kneeling, sitting, or standing on it.

Is It Advisable To Take A PWC For Night Rides?

The answer to this is, No. This is applicable for most states within the United States. But in the remaining states, you can actually take a PWC out on night rides, but you must have your navigator light turned on.

That is a top requirement. Driving a PWC at night, however, is a dangerous venture, as there are higher chances of someone getting hurt, most especially the PWC’s operator.

This is because, due to the PWC’s speed and easy maneuverability, it can easily and swiftly change direction and its headlights can be a source of confusion for other oncoming vessel operators.

See Also: What should you do to Reduce the Risk of Capsizing or Swamping your Boat in Rough Water?

Do You Need A PFD While Abroad A PWC?

Yes, you do. Before boarding a PWC, you need to have an approved U.S. Coast Guard wearable. Be it a Type One, Two, or Three PFD.

What Is The Safest Distance Allowed Between A PWC And Other Crafts?

Fifty feet is the safest. For whatever boat type it encounters on the water. The same thing goes for people as well as stationary objects in the water.

When A Sailing Sailboat Encounters A PWC And There’s An Intersection Of Paths, What Is The Necessary Course Of Action?

A sailboat that encounters a PWC, while on a sail, is to carry on and not change direction or speed.

This is because it has the right of way as the stand-alone vessel. The PWC has to reduce its speed, change direction and find a way to maneuver around the sailboat.

When Two Vessels Are About To Cross Paths, What Are The Right Procedures To Follow?

For two boats about to cross paths on the waters, there are various factors that determine which boat has to give way, and which boat gets to stand-alone, that is, proceed without any change in course or direction. These factors are:

What kinds of vessels are they? Are they both power-driven? or both are sailboats? Or one is a sailboat while the other is a motorboat?

From which direction are they approaching each other? There are three ways vessels encounter each other on the water.

One, it could be a head-on encounter, whereby there is another craft coming directly in front. Two, it could be that one boat is cutting across the path of the other.

Three, it could be that one vessel is about to overtake the other. Whichever way the vessels encounter each other on the waters, the rules remain the same:

Vessels approaching from the starboard side have the right of passage while the other stands down. Easily maneuvered crafts give way to unmanned, bigger, or restricted vessels.

Read Also: In Areas Of Heavy Boat Traffic, How Can The Operator Reduce The Chances Of A Collision?

Ever wondered how you can have a cruising boat without getting into financial problems? The answer is here. That is the reason why we set up this blog to share with you, safety tips, answers to questions that have to do with fishing and hunting. You are going to love it!

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Tesla Cybertruck

Tesla produces enough battery cells for 1,000 cybertrucks a week.

Tesla has confirmed that it has ramped battery cell production enough to 1,000 Cybertrucks a week at Gigafactory Texas.

The automaker hasn’t been releasing many details about its effort to ramp up its own battery cell production at Gigafactory Texas.

At first, it was 4680 cells for the Model Y, but with the start of Cybertruck production, Tesla switched production to a new version of the cell for the electric pickup truck.

During its last earnings call, Tesla’s SVP of energy engineering, Drew Baglino, said that battery production is not a bottleneck in Cybertruck’s production ramp and that Tesla even has weeks of battery inventory.

However, we don’t know how many Cybertrucks Tesla is currently producing – though it seems to have ramped production with sometimes several hundred Cybertrucks spotted coming out of the Austin factory.

Today, Tesla gave us an interesting new data point by confirming that it produced enough 4680 cells last week to produce over 1,000 Cybertrucks:

Produced over 1k Cybertrucks’ worth of 4680 cells at Giga Texas last week! pic.twitter.com/DkIrGr2zTF — Cybertruck (@cybertruck) March 20, 2024

Top comment by Aigars Mahinovs

Not per week , but in a week . Huge difference. What they report is a one-time occurrence, not the capability to repeat that or to repeat that reliably. Always read what exactly an Elon company says and what it does not say.

Cybertruck has a battery pack of about 123 kWh, which means that Tesla produced more 123 MWh last week.

It would extrapolate over 6 GWh of annual battery cell production.

But overall production capacity is one thing. There have been reports pointing to Tesla having issues not only ramping up 4680 cell production but also meeting the specs originally announced when unveiling the new cell.

We recently reported that Tesla hired a semiconductor manufacturing expert to help with battery cell production at Gigafactory Texas.

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