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May 20, 2022 7 min read

When a Sailboat Overtakes a Powerboat: Understanding the Stand-On Vessel

When a sailboat overtakes a powerboat, it can be confusing to determine which vessel is the stand-on vessel. Understanding the terminology and rules of the road at sea is crucial to avoid accidents and ensure safety on the water. In this article, you will learn about practical scenarios and safety considerations when encountering an overtaking situation, as well as answers to frequently asked questions about sailing and boating regulations.

In an overtaking situation, the overtaking vessel is the give-way vessel, while the vessel being overtaken is the stand-on vessel. However, if the powerboat is overtaking the sailboat from the starboard side, the powerboat becomes the stand-on vessel and the sailboat becomes the give-way vessel. When meeting head-on or crossing paths, the power-driven vessel is the give-way vessel, while the sailing vessel is the stand-on vessel. It is important to know these rules of the road to avoid collisions and ensure safety on the water.

Key Takeaways

• Understanding the terminology and rules of the road at sea is crucial to avoid accidents and ensure safety on the water.
• In an overtaking situation, the overtaking vessel is the give-way vessel, while the vessel being overtaken is the stand-on vessel.
• When meeting head-on or crossing paths, the power-driven vessel is the give-way vessel, while the sailing vessel is the stand-on vessel.

Understanding the Terminology

Defining stand-on and give-way vessels.

When two vessels meet, one vessel must give way to the other. The vessel that must give way is called the give-way vessel, and the vessel that has the right of way is called the stand-on vessel. In general, a sailing vessel is a give-way vessel, and a power-driven vessel is a stand-on vessel.

Boat Types and Their Characteristics

There are  different types of boats , each with its own characteristics. A sailboat is a vessel that is propelled by sails and wind, while a powerboat is a vessel that is propelled by an engine. A personal watercraft is a type of powerboat that is designed for recreational use. Knowing the type of vessel you are operating is important when determining which vessel has the right of way.

Navigational Terms and Signals

Navigational terms and signals are used to communicate with other vessels. The terms port and starboard are used to describe the left and right sides of a vessel, respectively. Sound signals, such as a short blast of a horn, are used to signal your intentions to other vessels. It is important to know and understand these terms and signals to avoid collisions.

Understanding Overtaking

When a sailboat overtakes a powerboat, the sailboat is generally the give-way vessel. However, there are certain situations where the sailboat may be the stand-on vessel, such as when the powerboat is in a narrow channel or restricted waterway. It is important to be aware of your surroundings and the vessels around you to determine which vessel has the right of way in an overtaking situation.

Overall, understanding the terminology and characteristics of different vessels, as well as navigational terms and signals, is crucial in determining which vessel is the stand-on vessel when overtaking another vessel. By staying aware of your surroundings and following proper navigation rules, you can ensure a safe and enjoyable boating experience.

The Rules of the Road at Sea

General navigation rules.

When navigating at sea, it is important to follow the rules of the road to ensure the safety of all vessels. These rules are designed to prevent collisions and help vessels avoid dangerous situations. The rules of the road apply to all vessels, including sailboats and powerboats.

Meeting Head-On and Crossing Paths

When two vessels are approaching each other head-on or crossing paths, the vessel on the starboard side has the right of way. This means that the vessel on the port side must give way and take action to avoid a collision. If both vessels are on the same course and speed, the vessel on the right should maintain its course, while the vessel on the left should alter its course to avoid a collision.

Overtaking Rules and Regulations

When one vessel is overtaking another vessel, the vessel being overtaken is the stand-on vessel, and the overtaking vessel is the give-way vessel. The overtaking vessel must keep clear of the vessel being overtaken and avoid crossing its path. The vessel being overtaken should maintain its course and speed until the overtaking vessel has passed.

In an overtaking situation, the overtaking vessel should sound a signal to indicate its intention to overtake. The vessel being overtaken should also sound a signal to indicate that it is aware of the overtaking vessel. It is important to remember that the overtaking vessel has the responsibility to avoid a collision.

In summary, understanding the  rules of the road at sea is essential for safe navigation. Whether you are meeting another vessel head-on, crossing paths, or overtaking another vessel, it is important to follow these rules to prevent collisions and ensure the safety of all vessels.

Practical Scenarios

Sailboat overtaking powerboat.

When a sailboat overtakes a powerboat, the sailboat is the overtaking vessel and must keep clear of the powerboat. However, if the powerboat is also overtaking another vessel, the sailboat may be the stand-on vessel and the powerboat must keep clear of both the sailboat and the other vessel.

In this scenario, it is important for the sailboat to communicate their intentions to the powerboat. The sailboat can signal their intention to overtake by hoisting a flag or using sound signals. The powerboat should respond accordingly and take the necessary actions to keep clear of the sailboat.

Powerboat Overtaking Sailboat

When a powerboat overtakes a sailboat, the powerboat is the overtaking vessel and must keep clear of the sailboat. However, if the sailboat is also overtaking another vessel, the powerboat may be the stand-on vessel and the sailboat must keep clear of both the powerboat and the other vessel.

In this scenario, it is important for the powerboat to communicate their intentions to the sailboat. The powerboat can signal their intention to overtake by using sound signals or by making a passing maneuver that is clear and safe. The sailboat should respond accordingly and take the necessary actions to keep clear of the powerboat.

Remember, in any overtaking situation, it is important to maintain a safe distance between vessels and to communicate clearly with other vessels. Always be aware of your surroundings and take the necessary actions to avoid collisions.

Safety Considerations

Avoiding accidents.

When a sailboat overtakes a powerboat, safety should be the top priority. To avoid accidents, both vessels should maintain a safe distance from each other and keep a lookout for any potential hazards. It's important to communicate effectively with the other vessel and take necessary actions to prevent any collisions.

Understanding Substantial Action

Substantial action is a term used to describe a maneuver taken by a vessel to avoid a collision. When a sailboat overtakes a powerboat, the sailboat is generally considered the give-way vessel, and the powerboat is the stand-on vessel. However, if the sailboat is overtaking the powerboat too closely, the powerboat may need to take substantial action to avoid a collision.

Effects of Speed and Wake

Speed and wake can have a significant impact on the safety of both vessels. A powerboat that is traveling too fast can create a large wake that can be dangerous for other vessels, especially smaller sailboats. Sailboats should be aware of the powerboat's speed and the size of the wake it creates, and adjust their course and speed accordingly. Additionally, sailboats should avoid sailing too close to the stern of a powerboat to avoid the effects of the wake.

Overall, when a sailboat overtakes a powerboat, safety should be the top priority. Both vessels should communicate effectively, maintain a safe distance, and take necessary actions to avoid any potential hazards. By understanding substantial action and the effects of speed and wake, both vessels can ensure a safe and enjoyable experience on the water.

Frequently Asked Questions

When is a sailboat the stand-on vessel in relation to a recreational powerboat.

A sailboat is the stand-on vessel when it is sailing and a powerboat is overtaking it from behind. The powerboat must keep a safe distance and avoid interfering with the sailboat's course.

What should you do if you are operating a motorboat that is being overtaken by a sailboat?

If you are operating a motorboat that is being overtaken by a sailboat, you should maintain your course and speed. You should not turn towards the sailboat and should give it enough room to pass safely.

What is the stand on vessel in an overtaking situation?

The stand-on vessel in an overtaking situation is the vessel being overtaken. The overtaking vessel must keep a safe distance and avoid interfering with the stand-on vessel's course.

Which boat must give-way when one boat is overtaking another?

The boat that is overtaking must give-way to the boat being overtaken. The overtaking boat must keep a safe distance and avoid interfering with the course of the boat being overtaken.

What should you do to avoid colliding with another vessel?

To avoid colliding with another vessel, you should keep a proper lookout at all times. You should maintain a safe speed and course, and be aware of other vessels in your vicinity. You should also use navigation lights and signals to communicate with other vessels.

Why should a vessel operator keep a proper lookout?

A vessel operator should keep a proper lookout to avoid collisions with other vessels and to navigate safely. By keeping a lookout, the operator can be aware of other vessels in the area, potential hazards, and changing weather conditions. This can prevent accidents and ensure the safety of all on board.

Seeing a Motorboat Approaching on Your Right: Navigational Guide and Safety Tips

• by Laura Rodriguez
• November 3, 2023

When you’re out on the water, enjoying a day of boating, it’s essential to understand and follow the rules of navigation to ensure a safe and enjoyable experience for everyone. One common situation that boaters encounter is when a motorboat approaches on their right side. Knowing how to respond in such situations is crucial for maintaining safety and avoiding collisions.

In this blog post, we’ll explore the necessary actions and best practices to take when you see a motorboat approaching on your right. We’ll also address specific scenarios, such as encounters in darkness or reduced visibility and encounters with sailboats. By the end of this guide, you’ll have a solid understanding of how to navigate such situations confidently and make informed decisions on the water.

So, fasten your life jacket, grab a cup of coffee, and let’s dive into the navigational rules and safety tips that will help you navigate encounters with motorboats approaching on your right.

When a Motorboat Comes Cruising on Your Right: Keep Cool and Follow the Rule

Navigating the open waters can be a thrilling experience, but it also comes with its fair share of responsibilities. One crucial aspect is understanding how to respond when you encounter a motorboat approaching from the right. Yes, you heard that right – the one on your RIGHT!

Why the Right Matters? Don’t Sweat It!

You might be wondering, “Why does it matter if the motorboat is coming from the right?” Well, my friend, it’s not just a matter of politeness; it’s actually a well-established rule. In boating lingo, it’s known as the “right of way.” Don’t worry; you won’t need to showcase your dazzling dance moves on the deck. Just stick to this rule and you’ll be good to go!

Respect the Waterway’s Hierarchy: A Hierarchy? On the Water

Believe it or not, the waterway has its own hierarchy. It’s like a social pecking order, but without the fancy outfits and small talk. At the top of this aquatic hierarchy are non-displacement vessels (like motorboats) because they have the ability to maneuver more quickly. So, when you spot a motorboat on your right, it’s a clear-cut signal that they have the right of way.

Gentle Reminder: Red Means Give Them the Green Light!

Imagine yourself cruising on the water, admiring the scenic views, when suddenly, a motorboat sneaks up on your right side. Uh-oh, you’ve got yourself a situation! Well, don’t panic, my friend. Remember, it’s their right of way! Slow down, be patient, and give them plenty of space to pass. Just think of it like a red traffic light. When you see red on the right, it’s their turn to take the lead.

Be Predictable: Surprise Parties are Great, but Not on the Water

Surprises may be thrilling on your birthday, but they can be a recipe for disaster when it comes to boating. To ensure a smooth sailing encounter with our motorboat friends, it’s essential to maintain a steady course and speed. Abrupt maneuvers or sudden bursts of speed might send mixed signals and lead to confusion. So, keep calm, stay on your course, and let the motorboat pass without any surprises.

Communication is Key: Talking with Your Vessels? It’s Possible!

Yes, you read that correctly! Though boats don’t necessarily have vocal cords, they do have ways of communicating. When you see a motorboat approaching on your right, it’s always a good idea to establish eye contact with the operator. A friendly wave or a quick nod can act as a non-verbal agreement. It never hurts to acknowledge each other; after all, it’s all about creating a harmonious coexistence on the water!

Wrapping It Up: Smooth Sailing Awaits!

So, dear adventurer, the next time you spot a motorboat approaching on your right, remember the golden rules of the waterway hierarchy. Give them their well-deserved right of way, be predictable with your movements, and establish some non-verbal camaraderie with a friendly wave or nod. By following these simple guidelines, you’ll ensure a delightful, stress-free journey as you navigate the captivating waters. So, let’s raise our imaginary boating hats and set sail for unforgettable adventures!

FAQ: When You See a Motorboat Approaching on Your Right

Introduction:.

As boaters, we encounter various situations on the water that require quick thinking and adherence to navigation rules. One common scenario is when a motorboat approaches on your right. Knowing the proper actions to take ensures a safe and enjoyable experience for everyone involved. In this FAQ-style guide, we’ll address some frequently asked questions about encountering motorboats on your right and shed light on the best practices to follow. So buckle up and let’s dive in!

Which of the following actions is required of a powerboat when approaching the starboard side of a sailboat in darkness or reduced visibility

When approaching the starboard side of a sailboat in darkness or reduced visibility, it is crucial for a powerboat operator to exercise caution and follow the rules of navigation. In such situations, the powerboat must yield the right of way and steer clear of the sailboat. Remember, visibility can be limited, so it’s important to reduce speed while keeping a safe distance from the vessel. Safety first, always!

What must you do if you see another vessel’s red and white lights off your starboard bow

Ahoy there, sailor! If you spot another vessel’s red and white lights off your starboard bow, it’s a signal for caution. In accordance with navigation rules, you should alter your course to the right and pass the other vessel safely on its port side. By doing so, you avoid any potential collisions and maintain a harmonious flow on the water. Smooth sailing, captain!

What action should you take if you are approaching another boat at night and see a white light

Ah, the stars are shining, and the moon is out to play! When operating a powerboat at night and you spot a white light on another boat, it’s a friendly reminder to yield the right of way. Slow down, maintain a safe distance, and allow the other boat to pass ahead of you. It’s like having a dance partner – let them take the lead, and you’ll avoid any tangling of nautical feet. Happy boating under the night sky!

When operating a powerboat at night, you see red and white lights on another boat. What should you do

Lights, lights, and more lights! When you spot red and white lights on another boat while operating your powerboat at night, it’s an indication that the other vessel is navigating with restricted visibility. In this situation, you must yield the right of way and give the other boat a wide berth. Trust those lights like a sailor trusts the North Star, and you’ll sail smoothly through the night.

When operating a powerboat at night, your green side light must be visible to boats approaching from which direction

Ahoy, fellow boaters! When you’re enjoying the tranquil waters at night and operating a powerboat, it’s essential to ensure your green side light is visible to boats approaching from your starboard side. That green light serves as a beacon of guidance, signaling your presence and enabling other boaters to navigate around you safely. So keep that green light shining bright, and let the good times roll!

Which side do you pass a boat on

Ready to play a game of nautical leapfrog? When passing another boat, always remember this golden rule – keep them on your port side. A vessel should be passed on the starboard side, maintaining a safe distance and ensuring a clear path ahead. Stay vigilant, communicate your intentions, and let the waterway become a playground for harmonious boat ballet!

What should you do if you are operating a motorboat that is being overtaken by a sailboat

Hold on tight, sailor! If you find yourself in a situation where a sailboat is overtaking your motorboat, it’s crucial to maintain your course and speed. As the operator of the motorboat being overtaken, you are considered the “stand-on” vessel. The sailboat, known as the “give-way” vessel, should maneuver safely around you while ensuring a safe distance is maintained. So sit back, relax, and let the wind carry that sailboat past you.

When a sailboat is approaching a powerboat, which is the giveaway vessel

Ahoy, matey! When a sailboat approaches a powerboat, the powerboat takes on the role of the “stand-on” vessel, while the sailboat becomes the “give-way” vessel. As the powerboat operator, maintain your course and speed, and keep rockin’ those waves. The sailboat will skillfully navigate around you, ensuring smooth sailing for all. Enjoy the dance of wind and water!

Which statement correctly applies to a situation where a sailing vessel is overtaking a power-driven vessel

Let the wind and water guide you in this sailing masterclass! When a sailing vessel overtakes a power-driven vessel, it’s important to remember that the sailing vessel is the “give-way” vessel, and the power-driven vessel is the “stand-on” vessel. The power-driven vessel should maintain its course and speed while providing ample room for the sailing vessel to pass safely. Together, they create a beautiful symphony on the open seas!

What should the operator of a powerboat do when approaching a large vessel

Oh, the majestic presence of a large vessel on the horizon! When a powerboat encounters a large vessel, it’s crucial for the operator to exercise caution and maintain a safe distance. Reduce your speed, steer clear of the vessel’s path, and be aware of any potential wake that may affect your boat. Remember, respect is in style, and keeping a safe distance from these giants ensures a delightful boating experience for all!

Ahoy, sailor! If you find yourself in the exhilarating position of being overtaken by a sailboat while operating your motorboat, hold steady and maintain your course and speed. As the motorboat operator, you have the right of way and are considered the “stand-on” vessel. The sailboat, known as the “give-way” vessel, will skillfully maneuver around you, ensuring a seamless and enjoyable journey for all. Sit back, relax, and let the wind guide their course!

When a powerboat meets a sailboat, who has the right of way

Ahoy, fellow adventurers! When a powerboat and a sailboat cross paths, it’s crucial to remember that powerboats give way to sailboats. The sailboat, with its reliance on wind power, holds the right of way over a powerboat. So, channel your inner sailor, gracefully adjust your course if necessary, and enjoy the beauty of harmonious navigation on the open waters. May the wind be ever in your sails!

Are approaching another boat? Assume that, according to the navigation rules, you are the stand-on boat. Which exception to the rules means you must give way

Ah, the rules of the sea! While it’s easy to believe you’re always the “stand-on” boat, there are exceptions to every rule. In specific circumstances, you, as the “stand-on” vessel, must give way to the “give-way” vessel. One crucial exception is when you can’t take appropriate action to avoid a collision. In such cases, toss those rules aside, do what’s necessary to maintain safety, and let those exceptions guide your way. Stay safe, sailor!

What are the four sides of a boat called

Let’s decode the anatomy of a boat, shall we? The four sides of a boat are known as the bow, stern, port, and starboard. The bow? It’s the front, leading the way through the water. The stern? That’s the back, where the boat will bid you farewell. Ah, now the port and starboard! Port refers to the left side of the boat, while starboard is the fancy nautical term for the right side. So, with your newfound knowledge, go forth and impress your fellow boaters with your boat lingo!

Who has the right of way at sea

The ultimate question: who rules the seas? When it comes to right of way at sea, a hierarchy exists. Power-driven vessels generally give way to sailing vessels and vessels engaged in fishing or restricted in their ability to maneuver. Commercial vessels, such as large ships, have their own set of rules. So, remember, as a responsible boater, familiarity with the hierarchy ensures a harmonious experience, and we can all navigate the open waters with ease!

What is the first action required of a boat operator who is involved in a boating accident

Oops, what a bummer! If you find yourself involved in a boating accident, the first action you should take as a responsible boat operator is to ensure the safety of all individuals involved. Attend to any injuries, call for emergency assistance if needed, and render necessary aid to those in distress. Once everyone is safe and sound, it’s crucial to report the accident to the relevant authorities. Safety first, always – even when the water gets a little bumpy!

Which side is port

Calling all seafarers! Port is the nautical term for the left side of a boat when facing forward. A handy way to remember this is that “port” and “left” both have four letters. And if you haven’t guessed it already, “starboard” refers to the right side. So when you’re out on the water, keep those directions in mind, and never lose your way in the sea of port and starboard!

What action should be taken if a motorboat and PWC are approaching head-on

Get ready for some fast and furious watercraft action! When a motorboat and a personal watercraft (PWC) are approaching head-on, both operators must alter their course to starboard (right) to avoid a potential collision. It’s like a synchronized dance, where everyone moves to a new beat. Keep your eyes peeled, make those quick adjustments, and enjoy the thrill of safe maneuvering on the water!

What should the operator of a stand-on vessel do when encountering a give-way vessel

When the music of the waterway plays, and you find yourself as the operator of the “stand-on” vessel, it’s essential to maintain your course and speed. While you have the right of way, vigilance is key. Keep a watchful eye on the “give-way” vessel and be prepared to act swiftly if they fail to maneuver correctly. Confidence, caution, and a little bit of boating swagger will ensure a smooth encounter on the water!

When another boat is approaching from your right

Oh, the thrill of meeting someone new on the water! When another boat approaches from your right, it’s your responsibility to yield the right of way, just like a generous driver at a stop sign. Adjust your course, let them pass safely on your starboard side, and exchange friendly waves as you continue your maritime adventures. It’s all about meaningful encounters and sharing the waterway responsibly!

When one boat is overtaking another, which boat must give way

Ready for a little friendly competition on the water? In a scenario where one boat is overtaking another, the boat being overtaken is known as the “stand-on” vessel, while the overtaking boat is the “give-way” vessel. It’s like a spirited race where the overtaking boat gracefully maneuvers around the other, ensuring a safe and thrilling experience for all involved. Let the games begin!

Why do boats travel on the right

Ah, the art of boating etiquette! Boats travel on the right side, known as the starboard side, to maintain a consistent and organized flow of traffic on the water. It’s like driving on the road, but with a nautical twist. By following this practice, boaters can easily anticipate the movements of other vessels, prevent collisions, and ensure a smooth sailing experience for everyone. It’s all about staying in line and being part of the boating harmony!

What should you always do when a person falls overboard

Man overboard! In the unfortunate event of a person falling overboard, swift action and clear thinking are vital. As the operator of the vessel, you should immediately throw a lifebuoy or any other floatation device to the person in distress. Next, ring the alarm by sounding your horn or using any available means to attract attention. Finally, carefully approach the person in the water while keeping a lookout for other traffic. Time is of the essence, so act quickly, stay calm, and assist your fellow boater in need!

Remember, understanding the rules of the waterways ensures the safety and enjoyment of all boaters. By following these FAQ-style guidelines and using a dash of humor, you’ll navigate through encounters with motorboats on your right like a true boating pro. So go out there, embrace the waves, and let the waters be your playground. Happy boating, fellow enthusiasts!

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What You Should Do if Your Boat Is Overtaken

In the past two years, boating and RV life have gotten unexpected boosts in popularity. Drivers love hitting the open road (or waters, in boating’s case) with a reasonable distance between themselves and others. Boats are also relatively inexpensive, with many new models costing less than $30,000 .

However, many inexperienced boaters don’t realize the standard rules for operating a boat. While bodies of water are far less crowded than roads, you’re bound to encounter another boat sooner or later. What kinds of boats have the right-of-way during passing situations?

Here’s what it means when your boat is overtaken

A vessel is overtaken when another boat comes from a direction over 22.5 degrees behind it. According to the Boat U.S. Foundation , the overtaken boat is known as the stand-on vessel. This boat must maintain its speed and course until the ship behind it has safely passed.

The boat behind the stand-on vessel is called the give-way vessel. It’s this vessel’s responsibility to stay entirely out of the path of the overtaken boat. If you are the overtaking boat, you must relay signals to the overtaken boat about your passing intentions.

Overtaken vessels have top priority on the “pecking order,” meaning that every other boat must stay out of their way. So, while motorboats are the lowest on the pecking order, they’re still the stand-on vessels if overtaken by a sailboat.

However, remember that sailboats are prioritized in the standard pecking order because they have less maneuverability than motorboats. Because of that, it’s vital for motorboat drivers to stay alert and practice evasive maneuvers when needed to help the sailboat.

What if your motorboat is being overtaken by another motorboat?

Another service we work with on the Thames on a daily basis is @MPSonthewater . Here is one of the boats passing us pic.twitter.com/op6cVyMVSx — Tower RNLI (@TowerRNLI) April 16, 2013

In any passing situation, Inland Rules state that the overtaking boat has to signal its intent. One short horn blast means the give-way vessel intends to pass on the starboard (or right) side. Two short horn blasts mean that the give-way ship is passing on the port (or left) side.

In reply, the overtaken boat should always signal its consent with an identical signal. If the stand-on vehicle doesn’t supply a corresponding signal, its motor might be too loud to hear your approach. Proceed with caution, and if you feel unsafe at any time or expect a collision, make five or more short horn blasts.

How to avoid collisions with other boats

In meeting situations (where the two boats face each other), it can be challenging to determine who has the right of way. To be cautious, both drivers should maneuver their vessels to the starboard side. In a crossing situation, the ship on the starboard side acts as the give-way vessel.

It’s also important to pay attention to a vessel’s lights in situations where visibility is limited. In overtaking situations, you’ll only see the stern white light of the ship in front of you. Seeing red and green lights simultaneously means that you’re facing another boat head-on. You should alter your course immediately if you see a red light crossing right-to-left.

Since the crossing and overtaking rules apply night or day, you should always pay attention to a vehicle’s lights. At all times, every boat should also have a lookout for seeing and hearing. Additionally, never make abrupt maneuvers or increase your speed in limited visibility. Allow the other boat plenty of time to do their maneuvers and rely on your senses alongside your boat’s radar .

Every boat is expected to maintain a safe speed at all times. Regardless of which boat has the right of way, both vessels should have safety-conscious captains to avoid collisions.

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Vessel crossing situations - Boating right of way rules Collision regulations

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As the operator of a power-driven vessel, what should you do if you meet another power-driven vessel?

When two power driven boats are approaching at right angles or nearly so, and risk of collision exists,  the boat on the right is the stand-on vessel, has the right of way and must hold its course and speed.  The other boat, the  give-way vessel, shall maneuver to keep clear of the stand-on vessel and shall pass it by its stern.  If necessary, slow, stop or reverse until the stand-on vessel is clear.

A powerboat is about to cross paths with a sailboat under sail. What should the powerboat do?

In this situation, the power-driven vessel should alter course to pass behind the sailing vessel. When approaching a non-powered craft, such as a sailboat or canoe, you are the give-way craft and do not have the right-of-way. You must take early and substantial action to keep clear of non-powered craft.   

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Rules of the Road

Right of way rules.

Whenever you meet another boat, it’s like approaching an unmarked intersection in your car. Knowing a few, simple right of way rules will help you avoid a collision. Just as motorists must know what to do when approaching a four way stop, every crossing situation at sea is like approaching an unmarked intersection.

Because there are so many different types of boats and styles of boating, it is important to know what to expect when you come upon another vessel.

"Vessels" are anything that floats on the water that is used, or is capable of being used as a means of transportation on water. A log, a bathtub and many other things could be considered a vessel under the Navigation Rules. The Navigation Rules distinguish one vessel from another by both its design, and by its actions. This section covers maneuvering rules only.

There are other navigation rules that you are required to know. Sound Rules are covered under the Sound Signaling Equipment section. Light Rules are covered under the Navigation Light Equipment section.

The Rules of the Road are published by the U. S. Government Printing Office, and are available in any boating supply stores. Every boat owner should have a copy, but they are mandatory to be kept on vessels over 12 meters (39.4 feet) in length.

The Rules generally used in this course are Inland Rules, unless otherwise noted. There are small but important differences in the Rules depending on where you are operating your boat. It is your responsibility to know the Navigation Rules for your boating area.

• International Rules - Apply to all vessels upon the high seas and in all waters connected to them that are navigable by seagoing vessels.
• Inland Rules - Apply to all vessels upon the inland waters of the United States, and to vessels of the United States on the Canadian waters of the Great Lakes to the extent that there is no conflict with Canadian law. Certain inland waterways may have specific provisions that apply to certain vessels.
• Great Lakes - Includes the Great Lakes and their connecting and tributary waters including the Calumet River as far as the Thomas J. O'Brien Lock and Controlling Works (between mile 326 and 327), the Chicago River as far as the east side of the Ashland Avenue Bridge (between mile 321 and 322), and the Saint Lawrence River as far east as the lower exit of Saint Lambert Lock.
• Western Rivers - Includes the Mississippi River, its tributaries, South Pass, and Southwest Pass, to the navigational demarcation lines dividing the high seas from harbors, rivers, and other inland waters of the United States, and the Port Allen-Morgan City Alternate Route, and that part of the Atchafalaya River above its junction with the Port Allen-Morgan City Alternate Route including the Old River and the Red River.

Vessel Types

• Power Driven Vessel - Any vessel propelled by machinery. This includes any boat that has an engine. Sailboats are considered powerboats when they are being propelled by a motor - even if the sails are up.
• Sailing Vessel - Any vessel under sail alone. Remember, if being propelled by a motor, a sailboat is considered to be a powerboat.
• Vessels Engaged in Fishing - Means any vessel fishing with nets, lines, trawls or other fishing apparatus which restrict maneuverability, but does not include a vessel fishing with trolling lines or other fishing gear which doesn't restrict maneuverability. This means a shrimper out of Galveston is "engaged in fishing" Someone out trolling for stripers in their Grady-White is NOT considered to be engaged in fishing under the Rules.
• Seaplanes - Are any aircraft designed to operate on the water.
• Vessels Constrained by Draft - Means that a vessel can't deviate from a course/channel because they might run aground. A freighter in a narrow channel is an example of this. Note: This is for International waters only, not Inland.
• Vessels Restricted in Their Ability to Maneuver - Means a vessel that can't maneuver as required by the rules because of the size or operation of the vessel. A fishing vessel pulling in nets and a buoy tender placing a buoy are both examples of a vessel restricted in their ability to maneuver.
• Vessels not under Command - Any vessel that for some exceptional circumstance is unable to maneuver as required by the Rules, and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel. If Joe boater slips and knocks himself out, and can no longer steer--that's a vessel not under command. If the steering cable goes out, and you can't turn the boat, that's a vessel not under command. If the captain is not paying attention and hits another boat, that's negligence.
• Underway - Means that you are not anchored, moored, at the dock, or aground. If you are even drifting along, you are underway.
• Restricted Visibility - Means any condition such as fog, mist, falling snow, rain, or other similar causes that make it difficult to see other vessels. Losing your glasses is NOT restricted visibility.

Rule, Rule, Rule your Boat

It may seem as if you can do anything you want while you are on the water (You might also think that it looks as if everyone else is going crazy on the water). Boating on a crowded waterway can be scary! The good news is that there are rules to govern the action of each vessel. The bad news is that many vessel operators do not know the rules!

Not complying with the Rules - even if you don't know them, can get you in trouble on the water. Even if you think you are following the Rules, if there is something that you can do to avoid a collision - you must do it, even if you deviate from a different Navigation Rule.

It is your responsibility as the ship's captain to be aware of your surroundings at all times, and to operate your vessel in a safe manner. Caution may not be fun, but having an accident sure stinks.

The Rules state that every vessel shall use all available means appropriate to the prevailing conditions to determine if a risk of collision exists. If there is any doubt, such risk shall be deemed to exist.

Rules Explained

The Rules are designed to tell you what to do when you operate your vessel near other vessels. The purpose of the Rules of the Road is to help you avoid an accident--not to establish responsibility or liability if you get into an accident. - Remember, if you get into an accident, you can be held liable, even if you followed the Rules to the letter!

Your primary obligation is to operate in a safe manner. Under the Rules, there is no "right-of-way" like there is on a street. For most situations, Boats are called one of the following.

• Give-Way Vessel - If you are the Give-Way vessel, you must act as if the "stand-on" vessel has the right to keep going the way it is going. It is your responsibility to signal your intentions to the stand-on vessel, and it is your responsibility to maneuver your boat around the other in a safe manner. Also known as a "Burdened" vessel, as it has the burden of.
• Stand-On Vessel - If you are the Stand-On vessel, it is your responsibility to acknowledge the intended actions of the give-way vessel. You must also maintain your current course and speed until the give-way vessel passes, or you enter a dangerous situation.

Operator Responsibilities

In addition to the Rules, you have other responsibilities as the captain as well. You are responsible for the safety of everyone aboard your vessel at all times--and you have a responsibility to those with whom you are sharing the water.

• You must always operate at a safe controlled speed for the situation in which you are boating, and any legally mandated speed requirements that there may be, such as a slow/no wake zone.
• Take care to avoid careless, reckless or negligent boat operations--such as operating too closely to other vessels, boating under the influence, or operating at an unsafe speed for the given conditions.
• Steer clear of naval vessels, and other restricted facilities such as bridges, power plants and dams. New Homeland security measures require it, as does your safety! For more information, see the Homeland Security pages.

Finally, as a boater, you have a responsibility to all other boaters--and all others who enjoy the water--to be courteous and respectful of others. This means that you should always watch your boat noise (a legal requirement) avoid congested waters as much as possible, avoid disturbing wildlife and sea grasses, and look out for the safety and well being of other boaters by giving a hand to those in need.

The Pecking Order

There is a "pecking order" that can be used as a simplified memory aid to determine right of way for vessels of different types. Get very familiar with this list, as it is important to understand it thoroughly. The lower most vessel on the list is the give way vessel, and must stay out of the way of vessels that are higher on the list.

• Overtaken vessel (top priority)
• Vessels not under command
• Vessels restricted in their ability to maneuver
• Vessels constrained by draft
• Fishing vessels engaged in fishing, with gear deployed
• Sailing vessels
• Power driven vessels

Collision Avoidance

• Rules apply to vessels in all conditions of visibility. Rules are the same at night or in fog, for instance, as they are during a bright sunny day.
• Every vessel must maintain a proper look-out by sight and hearing at all times. Operator inattention and not having an adequate look out are a leading cause of accidents each year.
• Every vessel must proceed at a safe speed at all times. Several factors should be considered when determining safe speed, including but not limited to the state of visibility, traffic density, your vessel's maneuverability, with special reference to stopping distance and turning ability. At night, consider the presence of background lights such as those from shore, or from the back-scatter of your vessel's own lights. Consider also the state of wind, sea, and current, and the proximity of navigational hazards.
• The Rules specifically require that any action taken to avoid collision, if the circumstances allow, will be positive, made in ample time, and in keeping with good seamanship. Any changes in course or speed should be large enough to be readily apparent to the other vessel. This means that you should avoid last second changes in course, and you should avoid a small series of changes. Change direction early, and make a large turn.

Maneuvering

The main situations of collision risk are overtaking, meeting head-on, and crossing. When one of two vessels is to keep out of the way (give-way vessel), the other, the stand-on vessel, must maintain course and speed. The stand-on vessel must take avoiding action when it becomes apparent that the vessel required to give way is not taking appropriate action.

The Crossing Rule

Both International and Inland Rules state that when two power-driven vessels are crossing so as to involve risk of collision, the vessel which has the other on her starboard side (the give-way vessel) must keep out of the way.

As the give-way vessel it is your duty to avoid a collision. Typically, this means you must alter speed or direction to cross behind the other vessel (the stand-on vessel).

At night, if you see a red light crossing right-to-left in front of you, you need to change your course. If you see a green light crossing from left-to-right, you are the stand-on vessel, and should maintain course and speed.

The Meeting Situation

At times there may be some doubt whether the situation is a crossing or a head-on meeting. In case of doubt, you should assume that it is a meeting situation, in which neither vessel has a clear-cut "right-of-way," and each must act to avoid the other. Each vessel in a meeting situation must alter course to starboard so that each will pass on the port side of the other. At night, you will recognize a head-on meeting situation if you see both red and green side lights at the same time.

The Overtaking Situation

Any vessel overtaking any other vessel must keep out the way of the vessel being overtaken. The former is the give-way vessel and the latter is the stand-on vessel.

This rule applies even if the overtaking vessel is propelled by wind, oars, or rubber band paddlewheel.

A vessel is deemed to be overtaking when coming up with another vessel from a direction more than 22.5 degrees abaft (behind) her beam. This is the angle prescribed by the stern light.

At night, the overtaking vessel will see only the white stern light of the vessel being overtaken. If you see either side light, it is a crossing situation.

Operating in a Narrow Channel

First and foremost, you have to avoid larger vessels that can only travel in a channel. Even if your vessel is operating under the rules otherwise, you must give way to a boat that could potentially run aground or get into a collision if they left the channel.

Try and operate on the edge of the channel. Be extra cautious if you come to a bend in the waterway, and can't see traffic coming towards you.

You may sound a prolonged blast as a warning to traffic headed your way.

On the Great Lakes and Western River system, vessels going downstream are stand-on, vessels going up stream must give-way.

Potential Collision Situation

When the distance between two vessels decreases and the relative angle of the other vessel off the bow remains the same, then you will soon be trying to occupy the same spot in the water - a collision situation. Change course or reduce speed, even if you are the stand-on vessel.

Conduct of Vessels During Periods of Restricted Visibilty

Operating a boat in areas or at times of restricted visibility requires extra concentration by the skipper and the lookout. You must operate your vessel at a speed at which you can identify and react to a situation and still have enough time to avoid a collision. This is especially important when vessels are no in sight of one another.

• Operate at a safe speed for the prevailing circumstances
• Have engines ready for immediate maneuvering - including reverse
• Don't rely on radar or other electronic imaging alone - use your buiilt in senses at all times
• Take avoiding actions early and provide ample time for the other vessels to maneuver
• Avoid sharp turns if being overtaken
• Always - you are in doubt, reduce your speed
• Every vessel shall at all times proceed at a safe speed

Other Rules

Whether under inland or international rules, power vessels must keep clear of sailing vessels in open waters. A sailboat with motor running is defined as a motor boat. The "pecking order" between sailing vessels is more complex. When two sailing are approaching one another so as to involve risk of collision, one of then shall keep out of the way of each other as follows.

• When each has the wind on a different side, the vessel which has the wind on the port side shall keep out of the way of the other.
• When both have the wind on the same side, the vessel which is to windward shall keep out of the way of the vessel which is to leeward.
• If a vessel with the wind on the port side sees a vessel to windward and cannot determine with certainty whether the other vessel has the wind on the port or the starboard side, she shall keep out of the way of the other.
• For the purposes of these rules the windward side shall be deemed to be the side opposite to that on which the mainsail is carried. On square-rigged vessels, it shall be deemed to be the side opposite to that on which the largest fore-and-aft sail is carried.

Now that you are familiar with "The Rules," go out and use them in passing, meeting, and crossing situations you find on the water. You will get many puzzled looks from inexperienced boaters with no training or testing.

Remember, if a collision does occur, your proper use of the correct signals and appropriate actions will win you points! But you know enough now to avoid a collision.

The navigation rules of the road contained in this course summarize basic navigation rules for which a boat operator is responsible. Additional and more in-depth rules apply regarding various types of waterways and operation in relation to commercial vessels and other watercraft. It is the responsibility of a boat operator to know and follow all the navigation rules.

For a complete listing of the navigation rules, refer to the document “Navigation Rules of the Road” published by the U.S. Coast Guard (COMDTINST 16672.2 Series) and available through the U.S. Government printing office or on the web here .

For state specific navigation requirements, refer to the state laws where you intend to boat.

Right of Way Rules

Whenever two boats try to occupy the same water at the same time, a right of way situation exists. When this happens, one boat is obligated to give way to the other. The boat that is supposed to give way is Called the give way vessel and the other one is called the stand on vessel The stand on vessel should keep to its course so the skipper of the give way vessel can get out of the way without collision. There are specific rules to use in determining which vessel is which.

Motor vs. Sail : A motor boat is any vessel using an engine regardless of whether it is a sailboat or a motorboat. A sailboat is considered to be a motorboat even if the SailS are up as long as the engine is running. A sailboat that is sailing generally has the right of way over motorboats. But there are some exceptions.

• Large motor vessels are given the right of way in channels where it is difficult for them to maneuver. In the case of ships, the whole San Francisco Bay is considered to be channeled so that ships always have right of way in the Bay.
• In narrow channels such as Redwood Creek, motor vessels as small as 65 feet may be limited in maneuverability enough to make them the "stand on" vessel.
• Motor vessels that are restricted in maneuverability due to the special job they are doing are "stand on" This could be anything from towing nets to dredging, pile driving, or tending buoys.
• Motor vessels don't have to give way to sail boats that are motoring when the rules for motorboats give the motor vessel right of way. (When motoring, a sailboat is treated like any other motorboat.
• If a motor vessel is experiencing some kind of difficulty restricting its maneuverability, it is given right of way.
• If a sailboat is overtaking a power boat, the power boat has the right of way.

Passing - When any boat is passing another boat, the passing boat is tile give way boat and tile boat being passed is the stand on boat. Head On - When two motor boats approach each other head on, both boats turn to the right and pass each other port to port. Crossing - When motor boats paths cross, the boat on the other's right is stand on and the one on the other's left is the give way boat This is like two cars coming to a 4-way stop except that a give way boat would alter course to go behind the other boat Sailboats When encountering sailboats that are sailing, motorboats generally should give way. If you are motoring in a sailboat, you should give way to sailboats that are sailing.

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Right-of-Way Rules for Boaters

• By Jeff Hemmel
• April 20, 2022

There is no right of way on the water. Every boater is obligated to do what is required to avoid collision. In any meeting of boats, one is deemed the stand-on vessel and the other the give-way vessel. The rules of the road explain the situation more completely and can be learned in a boating safety course. This article serves as a refresher and a reminder on how to handle some common meeting scenarios.

While more common in a channel or narrow pass, head-to-head meetings can happen anywhere on the water. When encountering an oncoming boat head-on, the rule is simple: Each boat is a give-way or burdened vessel and should stay to its right, altering course to starboard and allowing each craft to pass to the port (left) side of the other boat.

If the other boat is to your starboard (right), it’s considered the stand-on or privileged vessel and is obligated to maintain course and speed. Your boat is the give-way vessel and is obligated to slow or alter course to pass behind it, ideally. If the boat intersecting your path is to port (left), it’s the give-way vessel. It’s obligated to yield while you’re obligated to maintain course and speed.

When overtaking another boat, keep in mind that the other boat is the stand-on vessel and yours is the give-way vessel. Your first move? Determine to which side of that craft is the safest to pass. Consider oncoming traffic, waterway markers, obstacles, or even bends in the channel. Once you have a clear path with good forward visibility, increase your speed enough so that you can safely overtake the other vessel, giving the craft a wide berth.

Encountering Kayaks, Sailboats, Etc.

Some vessels will almost always be the stand-on boat, and you must yield no matter the scenario, unless doing so will create an unsafe situation. Typically, this list includes paddlecraft and sailboats not under power, but it also includes larger craft, like ships or freighters. Realize these craft are not as maneuverable as most powerboats and, as such, the powerboat is deemed the give-way vessel.

Read Next: Boating Navigation Basics

When the Other Guy Doesn’t Know the Rules

No matter if you are the stand-on or give-way vessel, always be prepared in case the other boater doesn’t respond as you expect. Operate defensively, and be ready to yield, slow speed or change course to avoid any potentially dangerous situation. A good tip? Give other boaters plenty of space—100 feet or more—to allow enough time and distance to properly react and avoid an accident.

Know Your Colors

Do you know how to handle these scenarios at night, when you can’t see another boat, let alone determine its direction? Know your colors. Boats are required to display a green light to starboard (right) and a red light to port (left) at their bow, and most boats must display a single all-around white light at the stern. This combination of lights will help you determine which direction a boat is moving and if it’s likely to cross your path.

• More: Boating Safety , How-To , May 2022 , Seamanship

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When One Boat is Overtaking Another Which Boat Must Give Way?

Unlike other conditions in which boats meet in the water, when one boat is overtaking another boat, the overtaking vessel is always the give way vessel. This will not always be the case based on both how vessels meet, such as head on or crossing paths, and also based on the types of vessels that are interacting. In this case, however, the overtaking will always be the give way regardless of boat type and the boat being overtaken is the stand on vessel. Let’s clarify that a little further as we move on to remove any potential confusion.

Stand on Vessel

A stand on vessel is a vessel that, in a given interaction with another boat on the water, will be maintaining its course and speed. If another boat comes up behind your vessel and moves to overtake, you are now the stand on vessel. One important thing to remember here is that in most cases a power-driven vessel will always give way to a sailing vessel. However, in the case of overtaking, even if you are a power driven vessel, if the boat trying to overtake you is a sailing vessel, you will still be the stand on vessel and the sailing vessel must give way. Stand on vessels are always the vessels being overtaken.

Give Way Vessel

The give way vessel is the vessel that must take action in any given interaction with another vessel. It’s defined as early and substantial action to keep out of the way of the stand on vessel. That means it needs to be done with more than enough time to be out of the way of the stand on vessel before the two cross paths. And it needs to be substantial enough that there is no danger of the two vessels colliding.

As the boat looking to overtake another boat, you are the give way vessel no matter how your boat is powered, be it sailboat or a powered fishing boat , a personal watercraft or an inflatable pontoon. You must take action to pass the other boat while avoiding it at the same time.

If both vessels are under power, the overtaking vessel needs to use a sound signal to indicate their intent to the stand on vessel. This means using a single short horn blast to indicate the intent to pass to starboard or two short horn blasts to indicate the intent to pass to port. The stand on vessel should return these signals to indicate they understand the give way vessel’s intent.

How Do Vessel Power Types Affect Overtaking Other Vessels

Because some newer boaters can get confused by the rules for encountering other boats of different types, we’ll cover it here clearly.

Power Driven Vessel Meets Power Driven Vessel

If you are in a power drive vessel and you are meeting another power driven vessel head on, neither of you qualifies as the stand on vessel and you must both give way. Both of you should pass to the right or starboard sign after making a sound signal indicating to do so. This is where some boaters may get confused because this is when you are meeting head on and NOT when you are overtaking. When overtaking, the vessel being overtaken becomes the stand on, even if it is a powered vessel.

If you are crossing paths, the vessel to port is the give way and the vessel to starboard is the stand on., which is similar to how overtaking works but obviously you’re on different paths.

Power Driven Vessel Meets Sailing Vessel

When a power driven vessel meets a sailing vessel head on, the power driven vessel is always the give way vessel and the sailing vessel is the stand on. This can again be confusing when you compare to overtaking but remember, when overtaking, the vessel being overtaken is always the stand on no matter what the vessel overtaking it is – powered or under sail. Some new boaters mistakenly believe a sailing vessel will always be stand on, but this is not the case when overtaking, not could it be, really.

Sailing Vessel Meets Sailing Vessel

The meeting of sailing vessels can be slightly more confusing for boaters but just remember, again, the overtaking vessel is always the give way vessel. Otherwise, if you’re meeting another sailing vessel in any other situation, the sailing vessel with wind to the port side is the give way vessel. If both boats have wind on the same side, then the upwind vessel is the give way.

Just remember, the overtaking vessel is always the give way vessel.

What Is Early and Substantial Action?

You will see the term “early and substantial” action appear frequently in literature about overtaking other boats. It’s the standard terminology you’ll find in boating regulations and on boating exams detailing how to overtake or otherwise interact with other vessels on the water. It will always refer to the actions that need to be taken by the give way vessel when overtaking, crossing paths or meeting head on. The term is not entirely clear in its definition, however.

You are required to pass another boat at a “safe distance” but if you read most regulations you’ll never find that term defined. This is for a few reasons. First and foremost, the definition of “safe distance” is not set in stone. The distance you need to pass a jon boat when you’re in your own jon boat will likely be different than the distance needed between a super yacht and a sport fishing vessel . Bigger boats need more distance.

Another variable here is that you can only be sure of your own actions. You don’t know if the other boat operator is aware of the rules of the road and how they are going to respond as you overtake. It is your belief and hope they know what they’re doing, but it’s everyone’s responsibility on the water to be safe and do whatever they can to avoid collisions.

Part of that means that you need to be defensive in your actions and never assume another boater is going to help you out of a tight spot. You need to take that responsibility on your own and make sure, by your own actions alone, you overtake safely. For that reason, you will want to give any other boat a wide berth as you pass them, not just for their safety but for your own. More space means you have more time to react if something unexpected happens.

If the other boat has some kind of emergency, or something unexpected happens that you could have never predicted, you want time and space to react accordingly. That could mean yielding, changing course, or slowing down even though it was not your plan. For that reason, I would recommend ensuring you are giving the other boat that you are overtaking at least 100 feet of space on all sides as you overtake. That means the “early” action you take should have you moving out of the way at least 100 feet behind the other boat but ideally much sooner, and then giving them 100 feet of space as you pass them by. If the vessel is a large fishing boat, commercial or military vessel you should be giving at least 100 yards of space between your boat and theirs.

Always Boat Defensively

Overtaking another vessel can be dangerous and you need to be flexible in how you approach this situation. The fact that there are rules for the situation can put people in the mindset that they are “right” and someone else is “wrong” if there is a problem. And that’s very true, an accident could very much be someone else’s fault, but that doesn’t mean you shouldn’t be doing everything in your power to prevent it, even if you are not at fault.

The one rule above all others in a situation like this is to do whatever you can reasonably do to prevent a collision. So even if you believe you should be able to pass at 100 feet to the starboard side, if the other vessel begins to veer into your path, you need to take action to get out of the way. Slow your vessel, change course, whatever needs to happen. You can worry about who messed up later when everyone is still safe and sound and there’s been no accident.

The Bottom Line

When one boat is overtaking another boat on the water, the one that is overtaking automatically becomes the give way vessel. This is true regardless of whether any of the vessels involved are powered by a motor or are moving under sail. That means that the vessel being overtaken should simply maintain course and speed as the stand on vessel. The boat that is overtaking must take early and substantial action to maneuver around the stand on vessel after using sound signals to indicate to the vessel being overtaken of their intentions if they are under power. Once the stand on vessel has acknowledged that they are being overtaken, the give way vessel should pass at a safe distance. Remember to keep out of the way of any vessel not under command, a vessel engaged in fishing, or a vessel restricted in its ability to move.

My grandfather first took me fishing when I was too young to actually hold up a rod on my own. As an avid camper, hiker, and nature enthusiast I'm always looking for a new adventure.

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What should the operators of two powered vessels do that approach each other in a head on situation? Boat Test Guide

Image courtesy of BOATsmart

What should the operators of two powered vessels do that approach each other in a head on situation? Check out our boating test prep guide!

If you’re preparing for your boat licensing test, one important thing that you will have to know regarding boat safety is understanding what the operators of two powered vessels do that approach each other in a head on situation .

One question commonly seen on boating tests goes over “What should the operators of two powered vessels do that approach each other in a head on situation”. There are rules that every operator must follow and the action a vessel operator should take when encountering another vessel depends on the answers to two questions.

What should the operators of two powered vessels do that approach each other in a head on situation?

Two boats are operating in the same general area. who is responsible for avoiding a collision.

• A motorboat and a PWC are meeting head-on – Which one is the stand-on vessel?

One boat is overtaking another. Which boat must give way?

Who is responsible for avoiding a collision between two boats, two boats are operating near each other. which is the boat that must maintain its course and speed, what should the operator of a stand-on vessel do when encountering a give-way vessel, what should the operator of a give-way vessel do to avoid colliding with a stand-on vessel, what should the operators of a pwc and a motorboat do when approaching head-on, a motorboat is crossing paths with a pwc, what action should be taken, a pwc is overtaking another vessel which vessel must give way, tips for preparing for your boating test:, check out our other study guides for boating test questions, getting certified: passing your boat exam.

When two powered vessels approach each other in a head-on situation, both operators should:

• Alter their course to starboard (right)
• Pass each other port (left) side to port (left) side. 

This maneuver reduces the risk of collision by creating a predictable and safe passing arrangement. Additionally, both operators should maintain a safe speed and keep a vigilant lookout for other vessels to ensure a smooth and uneventful passage.

There are rules that every operator must follow when encountering other vessels. Two terms help explain these rules.

• Give-way vessel:   The vessel that is required to take early and substantial action to keep away from other vessels by stopping, slowing down, or changing course. Giving-way should avoid crossing in front of other vessels or changing course and speed in a way that’s large enough to be apparent to the other vessel. It’s important to avoid a series of small changes in course or speed.
• Stand-on vessel: The vessel that must maintain its course and speed unless it becomes apparent that the give-way vessel is not taking appropriate action. If action is necessary, the stand-on vessel should avoid turning toward the give-way vessel or crossing in front of it.

When two boats are operating in the same general area, both operators are responsible for avoiding a collision. The right-of way is determined by answering two questions:

• How are the two vessels propelled?
• Two power-driven vessels
• Two sailing vessels
• A power-driven vessel and a sailing vessel
• How are the two vessels approaching one another?
• Meeting head-on: A vessel operator sees another vessel ahead or nearly ahead
• Paths that cross: Two vessels are on crossing paths so as to involve risk of collision
• Overtaking: A vessel is coming upon another vessel from behind or nearly behind the other vessel

Ultimately, it’s a shared responsibility to maintain a proper lookout, follow navigational rules, and take evasive action if necessary to prevent a collision. Each operator should stay alert, communicate clearly if needed, and maneuver their vessel safely to avoid any potential hazards or collisions.

A motorboat and a PWC are meeting head-on – Which one is the stand-on vessel?

In a head-on situation between a motorboat and a personal watercraft (PWC), the stand-on vessel would typically be the motorboat, assuming both vessels are under power. The motorboat should maintain its course and speed unless it becomes apparent that the PWC is not taking appropriate action.

When one boat is overtaking another, the boat being overtaken is generally considered the stand-on vessel, while the overtaking boat is the give-way vessel. The overtaking boat must maneuver in a way that ensures a safe and clear passage, keeping well clear of the boat being overtaken. It’s crucial for the overtaking boat to maintain a safe distance and avoid any actions that could potentially cause a collision or endanger the vessel being overtaken.

Both boat operators are responsible for avoiding a collision between two boats. It’s essential for both operators to maintain a proper lookout, follow navigational rules, and take necessary actions to prevent a collision. This includes maintaining safe speeds, being aware of the surrounding environment, communicating intentions clearly, and giving way when required by maritime rules and regulations. Ultimately, collision avoidance is a shared responsibility that requires vigilance and cooperation from all parties involved.

In maritime situations where two boats are operating near each other, the vessel that must maintain its course and speed is typically referred to as the “stand-on” vessel. This means that unless it becomes apparent that the other vessel is not taking appropriate action to avoid a collision, the stand-on vessel should continue on its current course and speed. However, it’s crucial for the stand-on vessel to remain vigilant and be prepared to take evasive action if necessary to prevent a collision.

When two boats are operating in the same general area, both operators are responsible for avoiding a collision. This shared responsibility ensures that both vessels take necessary actions to prevent an accident, adhering to the navigation rules and maintaining a proper lookout to ensure safe and prudent navigation.

When two powered vessels approach each other in a head-on situation, both operators should take early and substantial action to avoid a collision. They should both steer to starboard (right) to pass each other on the port (left) side. This is a standard practice under navigation rules to ensure safety and predictability on the water.

When encountering a give-way vessel, the operator of a stand-on vessel should maintain their course and speed, keeping a lookout for any changes in the give-way vessel’s actions. However, the stand-on vessel must be prepared to take evasive action if it becomes clear that the give-way vessel is not taking appropriate action to avoid a collision. The primary responsibility remains with the give-way vessel to navigate safely around the stand-on vessel.

The operator of a give-way vessel should take early and substantial action to avoid colliding with a stand-on vessel. This includes:

• Altering Course and Speed: Make a significant change in course and/or speed to clearly indicate to the stand-on vessel that you are taking action to avoid a collision.
• Communicate Intentions: Use sound signals, such as one short blast to indicate a turn to starboard (right) or two short blasts for a turn to port (left), if necessary, to communicate your intentions.
• Maintain a Safe Distance: Ensure that the maneuver leaves plenty of space between the two vessels, considering their speed, the sea state, and any navigational hazards.
• Monitor the Situation: Keep a constant lookout on the stand-on vessel to ensure that your actions are effective and that the stand-on vessel maintains its course and speed.

By following these steps, the operator of the give-way vessel can safely navigate around the stand-on vessel, reducing the risk of a collision.

When the operators of a PWC (Personal Watercraft) and a motorboat are approaching each other head-on, both should take the following actions to avoid a collision:

• Alter Course to Starboard: Both operators should alter their course to starboard (right) so that they pass port side to port side (left side to left side). This is the standard practice for head-on situations.
• Communicate Intentions: If necessary, use sound signals to communicate intentions. One short blast indicates a turn to starboard.
• Maintain a Safe Distance: Ensure that there is a safe distance between the two vessels as they pass each other.
• Keep a Lookout: Both operators should maintain a proper lookout by sight and hearing to avoid any obstacles or sudden changes in the other vessel’s course.

By following these actions, the risk of collision is minimized, and both vessels can navigate safely past each other.

When a motorboat is crossing paths with a personal watercraft (PWC), the motorboat is usually the “give-way” vessel, and the PWC is the “stand-on” vessel. As the give-way vessel, the motorboat should take early and substantial action to keep well away from the PWC by either slowing down, stopping, or altering its course. The PWC, as the stand-on vessel, should maintain its course and speed, unless it becomes clear that the motorboat is not taking appropriate action to avoid a collision. It’s essential for both operators to remain vigilant, communicate clearly, and take necessary maneuvers to ensure safety and prevent accidents.

When a personal watercraft (PWC) is overtaking another vessel, it is generally considered the give-way vessel. As such, it must maneuver to pass the other vessel safely, taking into account factors such as speed, distance, and the potential for collision. The vessel being overtaken is typically the stand-on vessel and should maintain its course and speed, allowing the PWC to pass safely. However, both operators should exercise caution, maintain awareness of their surroundings, and communicate effectively to avoid any potential collisions or accidents.

Preparing for your boating test? Studying for a boat test in Florida? Here are some helpful tips to get you ready:

• Study the Boating Regulations: Familiarize yourself with the rules and regulations specific to boating in your area. Understand navigation rules, safety requirements, and any local laws governing watercraft operation.
• Take a Boating Safety Course: Consider enrolling in a boating safety course to enhance your knowledge and skills. These courses cover essential topics such as navigation, emergency procedures, and legal requirements.
• Practice Safe Boating Techniques: Learn and practice essential boating maneuvers, including docking, anchoring, and navigating in different weather conditions. Familiarize yourself with basic safety equipment and how to use it effectively.
• Know Your Boat: If you own or plan to operate a specific type of boat, take the time to become familiar with its features, controls, and handling characteristics. Understanding your boat’s capabilities and limitations is essential for safe operation.
• Stay Updated: Keep abreast of any updates or changes to boating regulations and safety guidelines. Stay informed about local weather forecasts and waterway conditions before heading out on the water.

Remember, proper preparation is key to safe and enjoyable boating experiences. Whether you’re in Florida or anywhere else in the country, our excellent guides can help you get ready for your boating test and navigate the waters with confidence.

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• What Piece Of Equipment On A Boat Is Most Important In Preventing Propeller Strike Injuries ?

Start your safe boating journey at boat-ed.com . Their accredited courses, recognized by NASBLA, the National Association of State Boating Law Administrators, make learning boater safety, etiquette, and water rules easy and accessible. With interactive courses available on all devices, prioritize safety as you prepare for your exam.

You can get a preview of what this, and other questions may look like on a boating test by visiting our friends at Boat-Ed. Check out their study guide .

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Understanding Boating Right of Way Rules

Since there are no yellow or white lines or stop signs on bodies of water, it can be difficult to understand who has the right of way in boating. Right of way rules (often referenced as the "rules of the road" or navigation rules ) are specifically defined maneuvering regulations designed primarily to avoid a collision between vessels. There are many rules and they differ by type of vessel, the operations that vessel is involved in at the time, and where the vessel is located (on inland or offshore waters).

Learning and memorizing all of them is a tall order for boaters of all experience levels, but it’s imperative to know the basics and then have the proper reference tools aboard to consult for all the more nuanced regulations.

5 Boating Right of Way Basics

• Vessels under sail (without auxiliary power engaged) have right of way over powerboats in most cases. There are exceptions as described above and in an overtaking situation.
• When crossing, the boat on the right (approaching from starboard) has the right of way. At night, you’ll see a red light moving across your horizon to the left. If there is a constant speed and bearing, you’re on a collision course and need to take evasive action.
• When meeting head-on, each vessel must alter course to starboard if possible to give a wide berth to the oncoming vessel. At night you’ll initially see both red and green lights.
• Any vessel overtaking another must keep clear of the stand-on vessel. You must keep clear if you’re coming up from behind and passing any vessel even if you are under sail and are coming up on a powered vessel. At night you’ll see a white light.
• When approaching another vessel whose intentions aren’t clear, take evasive actions early and make them clear in order to communicate effectively with the other vessel. In other words, slow down and make any course changes large enough to be understood and consistent (don’t drive haphazardly).

Boating Etiquette: Reading Between "The Rules"

Sailing Right of Way

When two boats that are both under sail meet, the following rules apply:

• The boat on a starboard tack has the right of way—the wind coming over the starboard rail.
• When two vessels are on the same tack (the wind is coming from the same side), the leeward boat (downwind) has the right of way over the windward boat (that presumably has clean air for better sailing conditions).
• When on the same tack in a passing situation, the vessel being overtaken has the right of way—always.

It’s your responsibility as the captain to know the basics and to act in a responsible manner to avoid a collision even if you’re the stand-on vessel. Slow down, evaluate the situation, make your intentions clear and in the end, presume the other guy has no clue and avoid an accident.

For a complete listing of navigation rules, refer to “Navigation Rules of the Road” published by the U.S. Coast Guard (COMDTINST 16672.2 Series), available through the U.S. Government printing office and also available here online .

Vessel Types, Categories & Definitions

Navigation rules focus on how and where vessels move. These are also supplemented by light and sound signaling rules that are covered under different sections of what is called COLREGS, the International Regulations for Prevention of Collision at Sea, and they govern the responsibilities of vessel operators in inland and international waters. A copy of the Rules of the Road can be purchased at chandleries and a must be carried aboard vessels of 40 feet or longer.

The type of vessel will often dictate a captain’s course of action. Powerboats are propelled by machinery. Sailboats under sail are in one category but a sailboat with its auxiliary motor turned on and in gear is considered to be a powerboat even if its sails are up. The following vessels also have priority in certain cases:

• Vessels constrained by draft (boats with a deep draft moving through shallow channels).
• Vessels restricted in their ability to maneuver (boats that may be too large to be agile in a small body of water or those actively operating as tugs, buoy tenders, or those engaged in commercial fishing with gear deployed, etc.).
• Vessels not under command (no one is in charge for whatever reason).

Vessel circumstances are defined differently. A stand-on vessel has the right of way and must maintain course and speed. It must also acknowledge understanding the intentions of the give-way vessel if signaled. The give-way or “burdened” vessel has the responsibility to maneuver safely around the stand-on vessel.

Marine Navigation: How to Navigate a Boat

Frequently Asked Questions

Q. If I’m towing a wakeboarder and another boat that’s not towing is in my way, who has the right of way?

If you’re towing on a lake or river, inland rules of the road still apply. However, your priority should be the safety of both vessels and the person you’re towing so if you must take evasive action, signal your boarder and stop, slow down or turn to avoid an accident.

Q. My boat is only 20 feet long. Do I still need to have a copy of the U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Rules onboard?

You don’t need a copy onboard, but you do need to know the basics. If you’re hazy on any part, a copy may be a good investment.

Read Next: 5 Best Marine Navigation Apps for Boaters

You Might Also Like:

• Marine GPS for Boats: Understanding the Basics
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• Find the Right Boat for Your Lifestyle

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How To Avoid Collisions While Sailing

Sailing rules of the road when sailboat meets sailboat.

There are only three basic possibilities, and three basic boating rules of the road to follow, when your sailboat approaches another sailboat.

Rule 2: When you are on opposite tacks, the starboard tack boat has the right-of-way.

Rule 3: If you are overtaking the other boat, or it is overtaking you, the boat ahead (the overtaken boat) has the right-of-way.

Figure 8-3 shows the opposite tack rule. The starboard tack boat is the stand-on vessel and has the boating right-of-way.  The port tack boat has to keep clear or give way. Which boat is on port tack? If you said the boat on the right, you are correct.

Figure 8-4 shows two boats involved in the overtaking rule. In this case the boat ahead is the stand-on vessel and has the boating right-of-way. The overtaking boat has to keep clear or give way. Which boat is overtaking and what tack is that boat on? If you said the boat behind is overtaking and is on starboard tack, you are correct.

Note that these boats are sailing downwind, with the wind pushing from behind, and they are on opposite tacks. In the overtaking rule, the difference in tacks is not relevant, unless you are racing. Over many years, a complete set of sailing rules of the road specifically for sailboat racing has been developed and administered by the International Sailing Federation (ISAF), but these are not relevant to recreational sailing. If you’re looking to become a pro sailor, check out our Offshore Sailing Certification Courses.

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This article is an excerpt from NauticEd’s online FREE Navigation Rules Course , an interactive online sailing course for ALL sailors to learn Navigation Rules and become a safer sailor. Or if you want to learn more, upgrade to the Skipper Course Bundle to become a competent sailor!

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Overtaking Vessels

Here we quote the rules exactly because they are incredibly clear. Note that a sailing vessel is a part of “any vessel”. i.e. if you are a sailing vessel overtaking any other vessel according to (a) you must keep clear.

(a) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Rules, any vessel overtaking any other shall keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken.

(b) A vessel shall be deemed to be overtaking when coming up with another vessel from a direction more than 22.5 degrees abaft her beam

(c) When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether she is overtaking another, she shall assume that this is the case and act accordingly.

(d) Any subsequent alteration of the bearing between the two vessels shall not make the overtaking vessel a crossing vessel within the meaning of these Rules or relieve her of the duty of keeping clear of the overtaken vessel until she is finally past and clear.

Wow, look at (d). This means that even while you are overtaking and keeping clear if the other vessel changes course you must still keep clear. But there is nothing in (d) that says if you are being overtaken you have the right to change course. If you are being overtaken you are obligated to continue to Stand-On to not make course changes.

Do you get the overall feeling here? There is a common theme. The rules are written so that everyone has the responsibility to avoid collision. Even if you feel you are in the right – you can not instigate a collision to prove your point.

Some Examples

Above: The sailboat is overtaking a powerboat. Any vessel overtaking another must Give Way, therefore the sailboat must Give Way. This is also the case if the powerboat is lying adrift in this position.

However, if the powerboat was adrift in the position in the image below, the powerboat must Give-Way. The reason for this is that adrift is actually considered as “underway” even with engines off. Oftentimes in lakes or sheltered bays, we will encounter powerboats that are adrift as sunbathing, etc. The rules are clear – adrift is underway and appropriate Giving Way must be done. However, the rules are also clear in that you must avoid collision. Therefore, if you determine that the skipper of a powerboat that is adrift is not getting up and shifting out of your way then you must avoid the adrift powerboat AND you must do so in order not to create a close-quarters situation. In any case, this is one of those situations where a little courtesy should also be applied. The choice now becomes, which way should you go, windward or leeward of the vessel? Going windward in a close-hauled sail set could be dangerous because your vessel always has a certain amount of sideslip and you just might not make it – or the wind could change, causing you not to be able to make as tight of a heading as you estimated. Going in front of the boat also has its concerns, because if the captain suddenly turned on engines in a panic to get out of your way he might steer right into you. In this situation, if the boat were not taking evasive maneuvers, we’d recommend loudly announcing your intentions preferably with a whistle or horn, bearing away from the wind and passing well clear to the lee (downwind) of the vessel.

Above: the adrift powerboat must Give Way to the sailboat – even if the engines are off. However, as you know, the sailboat has every responsibility not to cause a collision  – even if it is the stand-on vessel. The sailboat would be prudent  (and is required) to take action early to ensure it misses the powerboat.

Above: This is an interesting one. The trailing sailboat on is on starboard and the leading sailboat is on port. Which do you think must Give Way? Well, for a collision to exist, the rear vessel must be overtaking the leader. The overtaking vessel must Give Way even though she is on starboard. In this case starboard Gives-Way to port. Don’t get confused, just remember that an overtaking boat Gives-Way to the other. This is a pretty obvious logical rule and as you’ll see later – being Overtaken is at the top of the pecking order of Stand-On.

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• Right of Way Rules for Boating

If you’re a new boat owner or you need a refresher on the right of way rules for boating — this article is for you.

While we all love to have fun on the water,  safety is always the priority . You may be intimidated thinking about driving your new boat down a crowded waterway with all different types of vessels crossing your path. How does everyone know where to go and how to stay out of each other’s way? Fortunately, there are regulations to minimize collisions and to maintain order and safety. However, it is also important to note that despite the rules, it is always your responsibility to avoid a collision, no matter the scenario.

Every good captain must know the right way to approach interactions with other boats — just like how it’s essential to know traffic rules when driving a car. When you understand the fundamental boating right of way rules for rivers, oceans and harbors, you’ll be able to cruise through the most crowded waterways with ease. Let’s dive in.

The Importance of Knowing Boating Right of Way Rules

The United States Coast Guard reported almost 4,300  recreational boat accidents in 2017 . Surprisingly, most recreational boaters aren’t familiar with the boat right of way rules, which causes confusion and makes their boating experience less safe and more stressful. If you master even the basic principles of boat-passing rules, you’ll know how to behave in any situation and keep your cool.

As the captain of your vessel, it’s your responsibility to maintain the safety of your boat and everyone onboard. The more knowledgeable you are about how to do that — such as by knowing and understanding boating right-of-way-rules and collision regulations — the less you have to worry about something going wrong.

First things first — a few general tips and boating rules for maintaining navigational safety:

Don’t Go Too Fast

If you can increase the overall safety of your vessel or a vessel nearby by slowing down, you should. Sometimes the conditions are right to go fast, and sometimes they aren’t. It’s the job of a good skipper to know the difference. Take into account how many other boats are around you and if you have the proper space to slow down quickly.

Be Cautious of Other Boaters

Just like when you’re driving a car, just because the rules of the road exist, it doesn’t mean everyone follows them. Recreational boaters are notorious for not following the rules. If their actions seem unsafe, keep enough distance between you and them so that any unexpected maneuver won’t catch you off guard.

Always Be Respectful and Conscientious

While sometimes you may be operating under legal conditions, it’s still nice to give other boaters the respect and the space they deserve. Just because you have the right of way doesn’t mean you have to take it every time.

Avoid All Government Vessels and Restricted Areas

These vessels and areas almost always have the right of way, and it’s best to give them plenty of space.

Give Way If It Makes Sense

Even if you have the right of way in a situation that could be dangerous, it’s your responsibility to alter your course if it means avoiding an accident. If you did not change your course and an accident occurred, it’s possible you could still be at least partially at fault even if you did have the right of way. Safety always takes precedence.

Rules for Different Boating Scenarios

How two boats approach each other determines which has the right of way. Position, direction and the different levels of priority for different vessels make up the majority of the rules on the water. We’ll get into the different types of vessel priority a little later.

When a vessel has the right of way, they’re called the  “stand-on” or “burdened” vessel . If you’re the stand-on vessel, you have to confirm the actions of the give-way vessel by maintaining your course and speed until you pass them or need to alter your course.

The “stand-off” or “give-way” vessel is the one that doesn’t have the right of way.

What does it mean to give another vessel right of way? You must ensure they can hold their current course and speed, which may mean substantially altering your course in a way that’s clear to the stand-on vessel.

For this article, we’re assuming you operate a power-driven vessel — the rules are a little more complicated if you’re sailing.

Here are some common scenarios you’re likely to encounter on the water:

1. Approaching a Non-Power Vessel

When you’re approaching a vessel without motor power, such as a sailboat, they have the right of way.

An important note — a sailboat must be “under sail” to qualify for the right of way over power-driven vessels. If they’re using their small outboard motor instead, they have the same right of way as a normal powerboat .

In recent years we have seen a proliferation of human-powered craft in the form of kayaks and paddle boards. The  Navigation Rules  refer to human-powered craft as “vessels under oars” and they are singled out only in the lighting rules. Otherwise they are simply “vessels.” We may encounter these vessels in three different navigational situations. We may encounter them in overtaking situations. The vessel being overtaken is the most privileged vessel on the high seas. Give that human-powered craft a wide birth when overtaking, being mindful of your wake as you do. The two other navigational situations in which we may encounter paddlers are head-on and crossing situations.

Interestingly, the rules don’t make specific provisions for power-driven vessels encountering vessels under oars in head-on and crossing scenarios. Rule 2 is the “responsibility” rule, and it, in essence, tells us to use good judgment based on the whole of the navigational picture. In head-on situations, the standard port to port passing should serve us well. In crossing situations, there’s no reason why we can’t apply the rules of power-driven vessels as well. The vessel that has the other to her starboard shall give way. In short, Rule 8 tells us we must take all reasonable action to avoid a collision. Vessels under oars move relatively slowly and are easy to avoid. When encountering them take early and positive action to pass at a safe distance. In any case of uncertainty, the rules tell us we should slacken our speed.

2. Approaching Power-Driven Vessels

When two boats have the same priority of right of way based on their classification, the determining factors become position and direction of travel.

To determine the position of another vessel relative to your own, you must know the different “sectors” of your vessel, i.e., starboard, port and stern. Once you identify where another boat is relative to your own, you’ll know who has the right of way.

Using the following simple rules, you’ll have a good grasp on how to behave around other powerboats :

1. If another vessel is approaching you from the port — or left — side of your boat, you have the right of way and should maintain your speed and direction.

2. If a vessel is aiming to cross your path and they’re on your starboard — or right — side, they have the right of way. Alter your course so that you will pass them at a safe distance and in a way that is apparent to the other skipper.

3. Any vessel that is approaching your boat for the stern doesn’t have the right of way. Maintain your speed and course. Whenever a boat is overtaking another, the vessel in front always has the right of way and should be allowed to continue their original course unhindered. This is the case even if the vessel behind has a higher level of right-of-way priority, such as a sailboat.

When the sun goes down, and boaters turn on their navigational lights, there’s an easy way to remember to who has the right of way:

• – When you see a red navigational light on another boat, it’s indicating their port side, and they have the right of way — red means stop.
• – When you see a green navigational light, you’re approaching a vessel from their starboard side, and you have the right of way — green means go.
• – How do you know if you’re overtaking another vessel at night? Look for their white stern light and steer clear. The stern light shines at  22.5 degrees on either side of the boat  behind the widest point — the beam.

Knowing the basics listed above will have you in great shape in most boating situations. Below are some of the best practices that will help take your navigational skills to the next level:

If You’re Passing through a Crowded Harbor

One of the best tips for this scenario is to always aim for the stern of a boat you want to go behind — this lets the operator of the other boat know that you intend to go behind them and they can continue their course. Captains will sometimes use a VHF radio to communicate their intention to “take the stern” of another boat as a courtesy and to keep traffic flowing more smoothly.

If You Meet Another Boat Head-on

Under the boating rules of the road, vessels approaching each other head-on are always supposed to pass each other port to port — or left to left, just like on the road. However, crowded harbors and times when many boats come together at once make this difficult to follow all the time — stick to the rules as much as possible, but use your best judgment to keep everyone safe.

If You Want To Use a Horn To Communicate or You Hear Another Vessel’s Horn

Experienced skippers will sometimes use their horns to communicate. If you want to move past another boat in a narrow channel or if you’re overtaking another vessel and would like to pass, you may sound your horn for two short blasts. If you receive two short blasts back, the other skipper is signaling that the maneuver is okay. If they sound five short blasts in response, that means passing is unsafe, and you shouldn’t pass the vessel — in any situation, if you ever hear five short horn blasts, be on alert. This is the signal for imminent danger. Please keep in mind that international rules can differ.

If You’re on a “Collision Course” With Another Vessel

Remember, you must alter your course with ample time to safely avoid a collision, even if you are the stand-on vessel. The definition of a “collision course” is when the bearing from your boat to another isn’t changing, while the distance between your two boats is shrinking.

Once you’re familiar with the basic rules of the road, use them with your best judgment, and navigating through boat traffic will be a breeze.

Right of Way Between Different Types of Vessels

Now that you know the basic rules of the road, we’ll cover a few special situations you may encounter. Besides the basics of power versus non-power boat rules, there’s a pecking order when it comes to the right of way — different vessels and different conditions determine who is the stand-on vessel.

Here’s the  U.S. Coast Guard list , from the highest level of right of way to the lowest:

1. A Vessel Not Under Command or a Vessel Restricted in Its Ability to Maneuver

The Coast Guard gives these two types of vessels the same level of priority. A boat “not under command” means that an unexpected circumstance is keeping the boat from maneuvering, like an engine or steering failure.

A vessel that restricted in its ability to maneuver is unable to move out of the way of other boats due to the nature of its work, like a buoy tender fixing a navigational aid or vessel transferring passengers while underway.

2. A Vessel Being Overtaken

Any boat approaching a vessel from astern must give them the right of way.

3. A Boat Engaged in Fishing

When a boat has commercial fishing equipment deployed, that restricts their ability to maneuver. Therefore, they have the right of way.

4. A Vessel Under Sail or Not Under Power

A vessel under sail as well as other watercraft that are not powered, — such as canoes, kayaks, paddleboards, etc. — have the right of way over powered-vessels.

5. A Power-driven Vessel

As a power-driven vessel, you must give way to all the other categories above. If you are converging on another powered boat, either head-on or astern, the right-of-way rules mentioned earlier apply.

A few more unique situations that the Coast Guard doesn’t include on their simplified list are:

• – Whenever you hear a siren or see blue flashing lights on an emergency or law-enforcement vessel, give them the right of way just like you would an ambulance or a police vehicle.
• – Keep an eye out for tugboats and other vessels towing — if in the open ocean, they can have a submerged tow-line with a lot of distance between them and their tow.
• – Always take the stern of large commercial tankers and container ships in the ocean, and never try to cross in front of them. While it may look like they’re not moving, they can be  running at over 20 knots .
• – Steer clear of docked or moving ferries — some have submerged cable lines. Watch other boats and how they navigate around the ferry before crossing yourself.
• –  Any boat under 65 feet  is obligated to steer clear of larger, less maneuverable vessels.

It’s important to maintain a proper lookout at all times when operating your vessel. If your boat is small enough, you may be able to keep track of everything by yourself. If you have a larger boat, you’ll probably want some help from a friend onboard — especially when leaving the dock or landing. Having an extra set of eyes is helpful to any captain, no matter how seasoned.

If you apply these tips and remain alert and responsible when operating your boat, there’s no reason you should get into a collision. If someone who isn’t following the rules happens to bump into you, following the rules only helps your case.

You can find a copy of the USCG Navigation Rules in most boating supply stores, and you can also  download it online . It’s a good idea for any boater to carry a copy onboard, and it’s mandatory for  any vessel over 39 feet in length. Be sure to look up your state’s navigational rules before you set out, as they may vary depending on location.

Formula Boats for Safety and Performance

Here at Formula Boats, we take safety seriously. As a family company since 1976, we know the importance of protecting your most valuable assets. Owned and operated by lifelong boaters, the Porter family treats every product as a representation of themselves — that’s why we do everything we can to equip our customers with not only the most reliable boats available, but also the knowledge to be safe such as these boat rules on the water.

Our customers keep coming back because when you own a Formula boat — you’re part of the family. If you’ve thought you can’t have it all in a boat, think again. We don’t make boats for the masses — we make boats for you. With more than 60 years of continued innovation, we make precision watercraft that surpass expectations of quality and performance.

Contact us today  for any other boating questions you may have or to request a quote.

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What You Should Do if Your Boat Is Overtaken

In the past two years, boating and RV life have gotten unexpected boosts in popularity. Drivers love hitting the open road (or waters, in boating’s case) with a reasonable distance between themselves and others. Boats are also relatively inexpensive, with many new models costing less than $30,000 .

However, many inexperienced boaters don’t realize the standard rules for operating a boat. While bodies of water are far less crowded than roads, you’re bound to encounter another boat sooner or later. What kinds of boats have the right-of-way during passing situations?

Here’s what it means when your boat is overtaken

A vessel is overtaken when another boat comes from a direction over 22.5 degrees behind it. According to the Boat U.S. Foundation , the overtaken boat is known as the stand-on vessel. This boat must maintain its speed and course until the ship behind it has safely passed.

The boat behind the stand-on vessel is called the give-way vessel. It’s this vessel’s responsibility to stay entirely out of the path of the overtaken boat. If you are the overtaking boat, you must relay signals to the overtaken boat about your passing intentions.

Overtaken vessels have top priority on the “pecking order,” meaning that every other boat must stay out of their way. So, while motorboats are the lowest on the pecking order, they’re still the stand-on vessels if overtaken by a sailboat.

However, remember that sailboats are prioritized in the standard pecking order because they have less maneuverability than motorboats. Because of that, it’s vital for motorboat drivers to stay alert and practice evasive maneuvers when needed to help the sailboat.

What if your motorboat is being overtaken by another motorboat?

Another service we work with on the Thames on a daily basis is @MPSonthewater . Here is one of the boats passing us pic.twitter.com/op6cVyMVSx — Tower RNLI (@TowerRNLI) April 16, 2013

In any passing situation, Inland Rules state that the overtaking boat has to signal its intent. One short horn blast means the give-way vessel intends to pass on the starboard (or right) side. Two short horn blasts mean that the give-way ship is passing on the port (or left) side.

In reply, the overtaken boat should always signal its consent with an identical signal. If the stand-on vehicle doesn’t supply a corresponding signal, its motor might be too loud to hear your approach. Proceed with caution, and if you feel unsafe at any time or expect a collision, make five or more short horn blasts.

How to avoid collisions with other boats

In meeting situations (where the two boats face each other), it can be challenging to determine who has the right of way. To be cautious, both drivers should maneuver their vessels to the starboard side. In a crossing situation, the ship on the starboard side acts as the give-way vessel.

It’s also important to pay attention to a vessel’s lights in situations where visibility is limited. In overtaking situations, you’ll only see the stern white light of the ship in front of you. Seeing red and green lights simultaneously means that you’re facing another boat head-on. You should alter your course immediately if you see a red light crossing right-to-left.

Since the crossing and overtaking rules apply night or day, you should always pay attention to a vehicle’s lights. At all times, every boat should also have a lookout for seeing and hearing. Additionally, never make abrupt maneuvers or increase your speed in limited visibility. Allow the other boat plenty of time to do their maneuvers and rely on your senses alongside your boat’s radar .

Every boat is expected to maintain a safe speed at all times. Regardless of which boat has the right of way, both vessels should have safety-conscious captains to avoid collisions.

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If you are operating a motorboat that is being overtaken by a sailboat?

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You are operating a motorboat What if your motorboat is being overtaken by a sailboat What should you do?

If you are operating a motorboat and your motorboat is being overtaken by a sailboat, you should maintain present course and speed. The vessel that is overtaking another vessel is the give-way vessel, regardless of whether it is a sailing vessel or a power-driven vessel. The vessel being overtaken is always the stand-on vessel.

What Would you do if you're operating a motorboat that is being overtaken by sailboat?

Ease back on the throttle to reduce the wake of your boat - until the sailboat has overtaken, and has put some distance between you.

What should you do if you are operating a motorboat that is being overtaken by a sailboat?

Give the sailboat a little room for navigation. It's odd that a sailboat would overtake a powerboat, but it can happen. Whether we are piloting a power or sail craft we should always be aware of our surroundings. A good pilot will have their head on a swivel at all times and know what is approaching from behind.

What should you do if you are operating a motorboat that is being overtaken by sailboat?

When is a sailboat a stand on vessel in relation to a recreational powerboat.

When it is being overtaken

What should you do when operating a power driven vessel and your vessel is being overtaken by a sailing vessel?

Steer into the wind.

What should you do if you are operating a motorboat that is being over taken by a sail boat?

You should take action to avoid a collision.

When a sailboat over takes a power boat wish vessel is stand on vessel?

The boat being overtaken is always stand-on, regardless of propulsion type. Rule 13.

What should you do when and your vessel is being overtaken by a sailing vessel?

This is a case where the sailing vessel does not have the right of way. The overtaking vessel must stay clear of the vessel being overtaken. The best thing you could do would me to keep a steady course, or make any changes obvious so the overtaking sailboat knows what you are doing.

When a sailboat overtakes a powerboat witch vessel is the stand on vessel?

The boat that overtakes another boat is the give-way vessel. The boat being overtaken is the stand-on vessel. When a sailboat is the overtaking vessel, she must keep clear of the powerboat. Any vessel overtaking another must stay clear of the vessel being overtaken (Rule 13). Please refer to the Navigational rules. Specifically Rules 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 & 18. A link is provided below.

When a sailboat overtakes a powerboat what vessel is on stand on vessel?

It depends on the situation.'Rules of the road' at sea are guidelines.Generally, the vessel being overtaken has priority. But don't take that to court if you are damaged by an oil tanker in your pleasure craft in a shipping lane. You will lose!

When a sailboat overtakes a powerboat what vessel is the stand-on vessel?

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