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What Is the Average Speed of a Sailboat (Plus Its Top Speed)?

Sailing is a popular hobby and sport enjoyed by many enthusiasts around the world. The beauty of sailing lies in the challenge of mastering the wind and currents to move a boat forward. One of the fascinating aspects of sailing is its speed. Sailboats can move at varying speeds, depending on several factors. In this article, we will dive into the average and top speeds of sailboats and explore the techniques and strategies to increase sailboat speed.

Quick Facts

Understanding sailboat speeds.

Before delving into the average and top speeds of sailboats, you need to understand the dynamics of sailboat speeds. Sailboat speeds can be determined by the points of sail, wind direction, and boat design. Points of sail refer to the various angles at which a boat can sail in relation to the wind. These angles include upwind, close-hauled, beam reach, broad reach, and downwind (also called a run). Wind direction plays a crucial role in determining sailboat speed. A tailwind is usually faster than a headwind. The boat design also determines the speed potential of a sailboat.

When sailing upwind, sailboats move slower because they are fighting against the wind. Close-hauled sailing is the point of sail where the boat is sailing as close to the wind as possible. It is the slowest point of sail, as the boat is sailing against the wind. Beam reach sailing is when the boat is sailing perpendicular to the wind. It is faster than close-hauled sailing but slower than broad reach sailing. Broad reach sailing is when the boat is sailing with the wind behind it. It is faster than beam reach sailing but slower than downwind sailing. Downwind sailing is when the boat is sailing with the wind directly behind it. It is the fastest point of sail, as the boat is moving with the wind.

Factors Affecting Sailboat Speed

Several factors influence the speed of sailboats. Wind speed is the most significant factor affecting sailboat speed. The bigger the sails, the more power a sailboat has to move faster. Sail area also plays a crucial role in determining sailboat speed. A larger sail area means more power to move the boat. Boat size and weight also come into play, as larger boats require more power to move at faster speeds. Water friction is another critical factor that affects speed. Friction between the hull and the water can slow down a sailboat, but optimized boat design can minimize this effect.

Boat design is essential in determining sailboat speed. The boat’s hull shape, keel design, and rigging all play a role in how fast the boat can sail. The hull shape affects how the boat moves through the water, and a streamlined shape can reduce water resistance and increase speed. The keel design affects the boat’s stability and maneuverability, which can affect speed. Rigging, including the mast and sails, also plays a crucial role in sailboat speed. A well-designed rig can help the boat capture more wind and move faster.

Measuring Sailboat Speed

There are various ways to measure sailboat speed. The most common method is the use of a GPS or handheld speedometer. GPS offers accurate speed readings, while handheld speedometers are affordable and provide basic speed readings. In sailboat racing, measurements are done using speed logs attached to the boat’s hull or through timed performance over a specific distance. Sailboat speed can also be measured using wind instruments, which measure the wind speed and direction and calculate the boat’s speed based on that information.

Sailboat speed is affected by various factors, including wind speed, sail area, boat size and weight, water friction, and boat design. Understanding the points of sail and how wind direction affects sailboat speed is essential in determining how fast a sailboat can go. Measuring sailboat speed can be done using various methods, including GPS, handheld speedometers, speed logs, timed performance, and wind instruments.

Types of Sailboats and Their Average Speeds

Sailboats come in different designs, shapes, and sizes, each with its unique features and capabilities. Whether you are a seasoned sailor or a beginner, choosing the right sailboat type can make all the difference in your sailing experience. Here are some popular sailboat types and their average speeds.

Dinghies are small sailboats primarily used for recreational sailing. These boats are easy to handle and maneuver, making them a popular choice for beginners. Dinghies usually have a single sail, which limits their speed potential. However, their lightweight design allows them to move swiftly through the water. On average, dinghies can move at speeds of 8-15 knots (9-17 mph).

One of the most popular dinghy sailboats is the Laser, which has been an Olympic class boat since 1996. The Laser is a one-design boat, meaning that all boats are built to the same specifications, ensuring fair competition. The Laser is known for its speed and agility, making it a favorite among sailors around the world.

Catamarans are two-hulled sailboats that have a wide beam, making them stable and fast. These sailboats can achieve high speeds and are popular for racing and cruising. Catamarans have a unique design that allows them to sail close to the wind, making them efficient and fast. On average, catamarans can move at speeds of 15-25 knots (17-29 mph).

The Hobie Cat is one of the most popular catamarans in the world. The Hobie Cat is a small, beach-launched catamaran that is perfect for recreational sailing. The boat’s lightweight design allows it to move quickly through the water, and its unique trampoline design makes it comfortable to sail.

Monohulls are the most common sailboat type. These boats have a single hull and can range from small recreational boats to large racing sailboats. Monohulls are versatile boats that can be used for cruising, racing, and day sailing. The average speed range of monohulls is 5-20 knots (6-23 mph).

The J/Boat is a popular monohull sailboat that is known for its speed and performance. The J/Boat is a racing sailboat that has won numerous regattas and championships around the world. The boat’s lightweight design and high-tech features make it a favorite among competitive sailors.

Cruising Sailboats

Cruising boats are designed for comfort and leisurely sailing. They are usually larger and heavier than other sailboat types and can accommodate large crews. Cruising sailboats are perfect for long-distance sailing and exploring new destinations. The average speed range of cruising sailboats is 5-15 knots (6-17 mph).

The Beneteau Oceanis is a popular cruising sailboat that is known for its comfort and luxury. The Oceanis has a spacious interior and can accommodate large crews, making it perfect for extended sailing trips. The boat’s sturdy design and reliable performance make it a favorite among cruising sailors.

Racing Sailboats

Racing sailboats are designed with performance in mind. These boats are usually lightweight and have a larger sail area than recreational sailboats, allowing them to reach high speeds. Racing sailboats are perfect for competitive sailors who want to push their limits and test their skills. The average speed range of racing sailboats is 20-30 knots (23-35 mph).

The Melges 24 is a popular racing sailboat that is known for its speed and agility. The Melges 24 is a one-design boat that is used in numerous regattas and championships around the world. The boat’s lightweight design and high-tech features make it a favorite among competitive sailors.

How to Increase Your Sailboat’s Speed

There is nothing quite like the feeling of sailing at high speeds, with the wind in your hair and the sun on your face. However, achieving maximum speed on a sailboat requires more than just a favorable wind. In this article, we will explore some tips and techniques to help you increase your sailboat’s speed and performance.

Optimizing Sail Trim

Sail trim refers to the setting of the sails in the most efficient way possible to harness the wind’s power and produce maximum speed. Proper sail trim can also improve the boat’s stability and balance. Optimizing sail trim involves adjusting the sails to the correct shape, angle, and tension.

One way to achieve the correct sail trim is to use telltales, which are small pieces of yarn or ribbon attached to the sail. By observing the telltales, you can adjust the sail’s position to achieve the optimal angle and tension. It is also essential to adjust the sails according to the wind conditions. For example, in light winds, the sails should be fuller, while in strong winds, the sails should be flatter.

Balancing the Boat

A balanced boat helps the sailboat move smoothly and efficiently through the water. Balancing the boat involves shifting the crew to counterbalance the forces applied on the sailboat, such as wind gusts and waves. Proper weight positioning can reduce drag and maximize boat performance.

When sailing upwind, it is essential to keep the weight forward to prevent the boat from heeling too much. Conversely, when sailing downwind, it is best to keep the weight aft to prevent the bow from digging into the water. Additionally, it is crucial to keep the weight evenly distributed from side to side to maintain the boat’s balance.

Reducing Drag

Drag is the resistance a sailboat encounters as it moves through the water. Reducing drag can increase speed potential. Techniques to reduce drag include using smooth hull coatings, eliminating unnecessary weight, and keeping the boat clean and free of barnacles and other marine growth.

Another way to reduce drag is to minimize the amount of exposed surface area on the boat. This can be achieved by using a smaller headsail or reefing the mainsail in heavy winds. It is also important to keep the sails properly trimmed, as a poorly trimmed sail can create unnecessary drag.

Proper Maintenance

A well-maintained sailboat operates at its full potential and can achieve higher speeds. Proper maintenance involves regular cleaning, lubrication, and replacement of worn-out parts. It is also essential to keep the sails and rigging in good condition.

Inspect the sails regularly for any signs of wear and tear, such as frayed edges or holes. Replace any damaged sails promptly. Similarly, inspect the rigging for any signs of corrosion or damage. Lubricate the moving parts regularly to ensure smooth operation. Finally, keep the boat clean and free of debris to reduce drag and improve performance.

By following these tips and techniques, you can increase your sailboat’s speed and performance, and enjoy the thrill of sailing to the fullest.

Sailboat Top Speeds

Speed records for different sailboat types.

Sailboats have achieved incredible speeds over the years, with some breaking speed records. The Sailrocket 2 holds the world speed record for sailing at 68 mph. The Vestas Sailrocket 2 is a hydrofoil sailboat that uses advanced technologies to slice through the water at high speeds.

Another sailboat that has broken speed records is the Macquarie Innovation. This sailboat was designed to reach high speeds and broke the world sailing speed record in 2009 by reaching a speed of 50.7 knots (about 58 mph). The boat was built with high-tech materials and was designed to reduce drag and increase speed.

Factors Affecting Top Speed

Top speed is the fastest that a sailboat can travel and is influenced by several factors. These factors include wind speed, boat size and weight, sail area, and water conditions. In most cases, the larger the sail area, the faster the boat can go, and wind direction plays an essential role in achieving top speeds.

The weight of the boat can also affect its top speed. A lighter boat can move faster through the water and is easier to maneuver. Sailboats with hydrofoils, like the Sailrocket 2, can lift out of the water, reducing drag and allowing for faster speeds.

Pushing Your Sailboat to Its Limits

Pushing your sailboat to its limits requires experience, knowledge, and skill. It involves maximizing boat speed in various wind and water conditions while staying safe and in control. Before attempting to push your boat to its highest speeds, ensure that your boat is in top shape, and you have all the necessary safety equipment.

It’s also important to understand the wind and water conditions you’ll be sailing in. Wind direction and strength can greatly affect your boat’s speed, and understanding how to use the wind to your advantage is essential for achieving top speeds. Additionally, water conditions can affect your boat’s speed, with choppy water slowing you down and calm water allowing for faster speeds.

Finally, it’s important to practice and build up your skills before attempting to push your sailboat to its limits. Start by sailing in calmer waters and gradually work your way up to more challenging conditions. With practice and experience, you’ll be able to maximize your boat’s speed and push it to its highest limits.

Sailboat speed is influenced by several factors, including wind speed, sail area, boat size and weight, and water friction. The average speed range for different sailboat types varies and depends on boat design. You can increase your sailboat speed by optimizing sail trim, balancing the boat, reducing drag, and proper maintenance. Top speeds are influenced by wind conditions, sail area, boat size and weight, and water conditions. Pushing your sailboat to its limit requires experience, knowledge, and skill, and always remember to prioritize safety.

Sailboat FAQS

How fast can a 40 ft sailboat go.

A 40-foot sailboat can typically go around 8-12 knots (9-14 mph), depending on wind conditions and the specific design and condition of the sailboat. Speed can be influenced by factors such as hull design, sail area, and weight.

How fast can a 100 foot sailboat go?

A 100-foot sailboat can reach speeds of around 12-16 knots (14-18 mph), depending on factors like the sail area, hull design, and the wind conditions. However, larger sailboats often prioritize comfort and stability over speed, so they might not be as fast as some smaller, performance-oriented sailboats.

How far can a sailboat travel in a day?

This largely depends on the speed of the sailboat and the conditions in which it is sailing. However, if a sailboat maintains an average speed of 6 knots (around 7 mph), it can travel approximately 144 nautical miles in a day of 24 hours. Please note this is a rough estimation and actual mileage can vary significantly based on numerous factors.

What is a comfortable sailing speed?

A comfortable sailing speed is subjective and can vary depending on the type of sailboat and the conditions. However, for many cruising sailboats, a speed of 5-8 knots (6-9 mph) can be comfortable. This speed allows for a good balance of progress and safety, while keeping the ride relatively smooth and the boat easy to control.

Can one person sail a 35-foot sailboat?

Yes, a 35-foot sailboat can be handled by a single person, given that they have sufficient sailing experience and the boat is rigged for single-handed sailing. However, it’s crucial to note that single-handed sailing involves a higher level of risk and requires extensive experience and skills. It’s also important to have an autopilot system or self-steering gear on board to aid in maneuvering and navigation.

Can one person sail a 50-foot sailboat?

Sailing a 50-foot sailboat single-handed is possible, but it is considerably more challenging and requires a high level of experience and expertise. The size and weight of the boat can make maneuvers like docking and anchoring quite difficult for a single person. Additionally, the boat should be well-equipped with an autopilot system and other equipment designed for single-handed sailing. It’s always recommended to have additional crew members on larger boats for safety and assistance.

John is an experienced journalist and veteran boater. He heads up the content team at BoatingBeast and aims to share his many years experience of the marine world with our readers.

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What is the Average Speed of a Sailboat?

When I try to figure out the duration of whatever sailing trip I have in the making, I always need to know this one thing first: the average speed of a sailboat - especially with long journeys. If you have the same problem, this article is for you.

So what's the average speed of a sailboat? Most sailboats cruise at a speed of 4-6 knots (4.5-7 mph), with a top speed of 7 knots (8 mph or 13 km/h). Larger racing yachts can easily reach speeds up to 15 knots (17 mph or 28 km/h), with an average cruising speed between 6-8 knots (7-9 mph). Cruising speeds of over 8 knots are uncommon.

Different types of sailboats reach very different speeds. Of course, it all depends on wind conditions, current, and many other factors. Did you know that the speed of a boat is directly related to its length? The larger the boat, the faster it goes. I'll explain it to you later on, but first, more on average speed.

On this page:

Factors that determine speed, converting and calculating sailing speed, calculating the hull speed of your own boat, exceeding hull speed, amount of nautical miles, related questions.

So let's get a little more into detail on sailboat speed. The most important factor in determining the speed is the hull type. I have two rules of thumb for you. The first is: the less of the boat is under water, the faster it goes.

Here are the average cruising speeds for different hull types:

• Monohull - 6-8 knots
• Catamaran and trimarans - 9-10 knots
• Fastest monohull (world record circumnavigation) - 15.43 knots
• Fastest trimaran (world record circumnavigation) - 27 knots

Monohull - Your average sailboat is a monohull. Nearly all monohulls are displacement hulls. A displacement hull is under water, pushing the water away. This allows the boat to cut through the water more smoothly; this stabilizes the boat. If you want to make it go faster, you would have to raise the entire hull above the water. Later on I'll show you how to calculate the maximum hull speed of your boat.

Catamarans and Trimarans - These are planing hulls, meaning they are on top of the water. They displace less water, which is why they are faster. But a planing hull is less stable than a displacement hull. To compensate, catamarans and trimarans have two or three hulls, which makes them extremely buoyant. Since this is not your average sailboat I'll leave them out of this article.

The second factor is the length of the boat. It's the second rule of thumb: the longer the boat, the faster it goes. Each sailboat has a maximum hull speed, which it can't exceed (in theory). The hull speed is determined by the length of the boat.

Here are the maximum hull speeds for different monohull lengths:

Please note: the maximum hull speed isn't the average sailing speed. It's the upper limit (in theory - read on to learn more).

The third and perhaps most obvious factor of course is wind direction and speed. If you plan a large voyage, for example, an ocean passage, make sure to check the dominant wind and direction for your time of year. You want to make sure to have as much downwind as you can get, and a favorable current as well. This is why most sailors choose to go eastward instead of westward when sailing the world.

If you want to know why going eastward is smart, I encourage you to read my previous article on sailing around the world here .

How to calculate necessary sailing speed

So imagine you need to get to dock in time. It's 50 miles away. You need to arrive at 2100 hours. It's currently 1500 hours. Would be handy to know at what speed you need to sail to make it in time.

The formula is simple:

nautical miles / time = average speed necessary

2100 - 1500 = 360 minutes 360 / 60 = 6 hours Your average speed should be: 50 NM / 6 = 8.3 knots

Converting knots to mph and km/h

To convert knots to mph or km/h, simply multiply the knots by the ratio below.

1 knot = 1.151 mph 1 knot = 1.852 km/h

Great, we have a good general idea of what to expect from our trustworthy vessels. If you want to go deeper, you can try to calculate the maximum hull speed of your own boat. Calculating the maximum speed is actually very simple. Now is the time to get out your calculator.

You calculate the maximum hull speed (HS) by taking the length in feet (lwl), get the square root, and multiplying it by 1.34.

HS = √ lwl * 1.34 HS = Hull Speed lwl = length at waterline

So a 80 feet boat has a maximum hull speed of:

√ 80 * 1.34 = 12 knots

A displacement hull has a maximum hull speed. Hull speed is a theoretical speed that tells us what the maximum efficient speed is. Everything above that speed costs a lot more energy. If you power your boat by engine, you can exceed the speed by pushing the hull over your own bow wave (this requires a lot of horsepowers though, and it isn't good for your engine).

If you're sailing instead, you can exceed your hull speed with the help of the weather. Let's call these surfing conditions (sounds good). This might happen to you when you're sailing downwind and the current pushes you forward simultaneously. This helps you to overtake your own bow wave. If this happens, the wavelength gets longer than the hull length: the water can't get out of the way fast enough. As a result, the boat starts to plane, increasing water resistance at the front. Congratulations: you're surfing on your own bow wave.

The increase in speed won't be mind blowing however (about 1 knot). The truth is: a displacement hull is bound to its speed. It just costs to much energy to propel it through the water. It's made to cut, not steamroll the water.

Sailboats don't travel lightning fast, but they do travel 24/7. Because of this, they can cover quite a bit of distance. What distance are we actually able to cover with conservative speeds?

The average sailboat covers a distance of roughly 100 nautical miles (NM) , at a speed of around 4.5 knots. This equals 115 miles or 185 km.

1 NM is 1.852 km or 1.151 mile

You can calculate the distance per day by simply multiplying the speed in knots by 24 hours:

NM = knots * 24

Most sailboats cover anywhere between 100-180 NM per day. This means that a fast sailboat in ideal conditions can cover more than 200 miles. Impressive. However, anything over 180 NM is uncommon. We usually only see cruising speeds that high in races.

Here are the distances per day (NM) for different cruising speeds:

How fast can a sailboat go under power? The average speed of a sailboat under power is 4-5 knots (5 mph or 8 km/h). Most sailors switch to engine at sailing speeds below 6 knots, especially when on passage.

How fast do racing sailboats go? Racing sailboats can reach speeds of 30 - 50 knots (35-58 mph or 55-92 km/h). The record is set at 65.45 knots (75 mph or 121 km/h). They can beat wind speed because they have a planing hull instead of a displacement hull, making them a lot faster than average sailboats

Can a sailboat sail faster than the wind? Sailboats with a planing hull (multihulls) can go faster than wind. Displacement hulls (the average sailboat) can't beat the wind, or just slightly in surfing conditions.

Robert Tangney Kenmare Ireland

Just wondering if you could do a similar article on diesel powered boats.I have a Seaward 23 powered with two 1.6 mermaid engines.I normally do around 7_8 knots and was thinking of replacing them for more speed around 10_12 knots.what engines would I need. According to what I have read already I should be getting 10 knots cruising speed with a top speed of 12 knots.This is not the case and her bottom is very clean.Found your article very interesting.

Shawn Buckles

Hi Robert, thanks for your comment. You have quite a bit of power there, nice.

I wouldn’t know for sure what engine size you should get, this article is specifically about sailboats. Also, this is the maximum hull speed - what you could expect under ideal conditions. And that’s never the case - you have to deal with current, wind, and so on. So I’d say it sounds about right.

If by diesel-powered boats you mean a powerboat, I currently don’t write about powerboats. Maybe I will in the future, but I won’t make any promises for now.

Thanks again and good luck with your upgrade!

I’m not sure if you use a different way of calculating time in nautical terms (Not a sailor myself, just curious about sailboats), but in the ‘How to calculate necessary sailing speed’ my math would say there’s 6 hours = 360 minutes from 1500 hours (3 PM) to 2100 hours (9 PM), not 600 minutes = 10 hours. Am I missing something?

Hi Ben L, That’s exactly right, it was a math error on my part. Thanks for pointing it out, I have updated the article.

Catamarans and trimarans are PLANING boats?! How long have you been sailing? Three days? :-)))

Matas Pacevicius

Just wanted to point out a typo. At hull speed of 5NM you travel 120NM and 138miles (not the 115 written) per 24hrs. Thank you for your articles. I’ve been dreaming of circumnavigation for years and am in the process of designing and building my own sailboat for the feat. I would love to build and sail a sailboat on which I could live almost anywhere in the world. I currently reside on the Gulf coast of Florida and am surrounded by beautiful warm waters that beckon me to explore them. Hopefully in the followings 5 years I will be sailing into the Caribbean in my self-built traveling home in the water. I wish to call the oceans home and soon the entire world. I plan to cross the Atlantic from the Caribbean on my first leg around the world. Would you recommend sailing throughout the Mediterranean? Any ideas on how’s to make money along the way?

I’ve worked all my life, struggling. Now 56y.o. staring at becoming a jobless wanderer in the next couple of months, maybe pick up a used boat. I am just really curious how some people have the time and place to design, build, and then sail around. Tell me your secrets…

Benjamin Lindner

Hello Shawn;

You have an error in your table above: 5 Knots = 120 NM BUT DOES NOT EQUAL 115 MILES.

Thank you Ben

Carlos Alberto Molinelli

But WHY is it a maximum speed for displacement boats in quiet waters, responding to this old formula? It is because the speed increases, the water displaced forms waves. At slow speed there are several along the hull. At fast speed there are only two: one at the bow and another an the stern. If the boat tries to go faster, the stern wave would go more farther but the hull would lose sustentation. It better explained with a picture. Look for boats going fast. You will see only two waves.

Robert Flores

Getting close to retirement and want to get a sailboat with some power. Thinking about sailing lakes and coastal. Looking at the macgregor 26M and seaward 26rk. What recommendations do you have ?? Or things to think about. I am one for safety. Best regards Robert

Ronald Ernst van Dijk

Thank you. Very well explained in clear language, including the usual conversions between knots, miles and kilometers. It helps understanding the physics of sailboats and what to expect in terms of speed. I have just completed building an 18 feet wooden gaff rigged yawl (design by François Vivier) for single handed coastal sailing in Malaysia, the country where I live. Your “rule of thumb” about HS = Lwl * 1.34 seems to work well, although I have to further try it out with different wind speeds and sailing on a reach or down wind.

Your website is an ad horror show to the point it is not usable any more. Ads do have their place and purpose, just like food needs salt. But in your case there is more salt then there is food. Moderation is key.

Ara Houston

Hello improvesailing.com owner, You always provide helpful information.

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The average one-day sailing distance of a boat is important for planning passages. I've done the research and the same numbers kept coming up. Here they are.

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Average cruising speed?

• Thread starter Cincy020
• Start date Sep 25, 2016
• Catalina Owner Forums
• Catalina 22

So I recently started tracking all my sails via the Navionics app on my iPhone. I'm just in a lake so I have no fancy equipment that I need. my big question is, what is a good "average" speed when cruising? I'm about three knots average and it seems a little slow. For my purposes, I am at the following: 5-8 mph winds, 150 Genoa, usually three adults and 2 dogs on board (probably about 500 lbs total), and not excessively loaded with other "stuff". Usually bring a cooler for the day and a bag with towels, etc. in it. Have the slide out galley, one type 27 battery, and 5 hp motor off the back. Bottom is relatively clean( painted this spring), but keel probably needs to be cleaned up. Thoughts on if 3 knots is about right?  

Do not get married to that average speed feature. You should determine if it includes data when the boat isn't moving. I recommend getting a dedicated handheld marine gps.... you can set "trip" data and many other items that can help you. You can also see it in daylight. This is important because it allows you to monitor boat speed as it happens.... much more important when trimming sails. The Navionics app will be limited in these features.  

Sounds about right to me. ~1/2 average wind speed. [shrug]  

Gene Neill said: crawling along in 5 mph winds, making 2.5 knots, sweating and bored. Might as well toss the anchor, crack some beers and go swimming. Click to expand

I too enjoy using the Navionics app... but for me the biggest challenge is remembering to stop the track after I've returned to the marina. The first time I used it my average speed was over 6.9mph... with a max speed of 70.9 mph! So the avg speed recorded included the actual sailing part from Sutton's Bay to Elk Rapids, MI under flukey weak winds, taking the mast down in Elk Rapids, and then driving from there to Holland, MI... where I realized I needed to hit the stop button on the app! Unfortunately, I don't see a way to edit the track to show just the actual sailing part... in which I suspect we prolly averaged 1.5mph at best... so if someone knows a way to do that... don't hesitate to let me know!  

I have found that the Navionics app has its quirks, Ike forgetting to turn it off! For $10, I thought it was a pretty good deal. Good to get some comfort I'm on that right range for speed however. In regards to the keel, does fairing the keel have any significant effect on speed or ability to point? Is it worth it to go through the process of redoing it? Joe, do you have any advice for a cheaper handheld GPS? Christmas is right around the corner and seems like a good idea.....  

Barnacle_Bob

Cincy: I hope you don't mind my chiming in re: nice handheld GPS. I've been using a BadElf GPS receiver for a few years now, both for sailing and hiking. It was inexpensive, very compact (fits in the palm of your hand), has great battery life, easily finds and locks on to satellites, has its own display to show speed and heading, is quite rugged, and easily maps out my travels to Google or other maps - I always send guests a map showing the GPS track for the day, and they love it. It works with a ton of apps to function as a chart plotter on iOS and Android devices - I've recently used iSailGPS. I've attached a standard map of our recent family sail on Mission Bay (north of San Diego). I highly recommend it. You can attach multiple Bluetooth devices to it while sailing using their app, so everyone can see the speed, etc., on their own phone. As for the saved speed information, I take that with a grain of salt. It picks up instantaneous spikes that I don't believe are accurate - I rely more on what I can directly observe real-time on the BadElf display than from the speed data saved to the file. For example, after racing on Lake Pleasant this weekend, the file said we hit 6.5-kts; but we were watching our speed on the BadElf display pretty intently, and the highest speed we observed was 5.7-kts... More in line with reality and hull speed. I love mine - it was a great purchase. - Bob  

Attachments

Stu Jackson

Barnacle_Bob said: I've attached a standard map of our recent family sail on Mission Bay (north of San Diego). Click to expand

Cincy020 said: In regards to the keel, does fairing the keel have any significant effect on speed or ability to point? Is it worth it to go through the process of redoing it? Click to expand

Cincy020 said: .................................... Joe, do you have any advice for a cheaper handheld GPS? Christmas is right around the corner and seems like a good idea..... Click to expand

Daveinet said: Yes, but only if your keel is in bad shape. My swing keel was cast iron, so it rusted. Not bad enough to flake, but very pitted. I sandblasted it an painted it. I found it made a very noticeable difference. while drag is an issue, what is probably more important is that if the surface is poor, the water will not stick to it, and it will stall. At that point the boat slips sideways. Click to expand

I did not fair it. The surface after painting still was textured, but the sharp edges of the pitting where masked by the thickness of the paint. I did not want to fair it, as I wanted the paint directly on the metal surface. The paint was cold galvanizing paint. It basically looks like the typical textured surface of cast iron. Not that it influenced my decision to not bother fairing it, I've always wondered if a small amount of texture could be of benefit. After all it works for golf balls.  

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Average Boat Speeds: Pontoon, Cruiser and Sail Speed Examples

How fast do boats go on average?

Is a fast boat the exception or the rule for average boat speeds? 

What horsepower can you realistically expect from the average boat purchase?

Well, these questions can be answered in lots of different ways.

The fastest boat speed record ever was 317.6 MPH. It   was achieved by a man named Ken War who was using a speedboat he named the  Spirit of Australia . To be fair, though, when that boat made its water speed record run back in 1978, it was powered not by a propeller but by a jet engine. Most boats don't go quite that fast (and we're thankful for that). 

Motorboats designed primarily for speed - known as rum-runners in decades past and often called cigarette boats (due to their slender shape) or simply go-fast boats today - can achieve speeds up to 90 MPH with relative ease over calm flat waters.

Even that's quite a bit faster than the average boat speed, and unless you're considering a career in smuggling  (which we don't recommend, by the way), it's probably quite a bit faster than you need to travel over the water.

So, let's talk about average recreational boat speed statistics that are a bit more practical.

Why Boat Speed Matters

Going fast in a boat can be lots of fun.

The enjoyment that comes from speed is a huge plus for adrenaline-seeking boaters. That's one reason why knowing how fast a boat goes is important.

It's also important to consider boat speed when you're getting a boat for water activities. Think about the types of activities for which your ideal boat will be used. You should even consider whether you live in, or want to enjoy your boat in,  high-altitude areas .

Even then, desired speeds can vary. The best speed for a towing activity such as  water skiing  can vary from 10 MPH to 35 MPH. Lower speeds are better for younger skiers and certain trick-skiing activities, and the higher speeds are for more experienced water skiers completing slaloms or jumps. 

As you can see, some action-loving boaters might need a craft with plenty of potential for speed to soar over those saltwater waves .

The fisherman who likes to slowly troll through calm waters or toss out a line and  an anchor, on the other hand, might do well enough with a boat that only cruises along at a top speed of 15 MPH.

If you use your boat for long trips, then balancing speed and fuel efficiency is important.

How you're going to be using your boat should inform the ideal average and top speed ratings of the boat you ultimately buy.

Don't just go looking for a super fast boat that you might not ever really take advantage of. What a waste that would be!

Average Pontoon Boat Speeds

The trusty, stable pontoon boat can travel a good deal faster than many people think.

Pontoon boat speeds  can surpass 30 MPH  under the right conditions. A few pontoon boats can even reach the 35 MPH mark thanks to larger engines and great conditions.

The G3 Suncatcher pontoon boat , with a 90 HP motor, can easily go more than 30 MPH .

A 20-foot Bass Buggy with a 60 HP engine, on the other hand, will only go around 15 MPH .

A middle-of-the-road option in terms of average pontoon boat speed is the 21-foot Triton pontoon boat  and its 90 HP engine. This boat's combination of speed and strength gives it a top boat speed of around 25 MPH even   when you have a few friends aboard weighing it down.

Average Cruiser Speeds

For cruiser-style motorboats that are in the price range of many American families, let's discuss a few options that give a good sense of average powerboat speed.

The Marlow-Pilot 32 has a relatively slow top cruising speed of 16 MPH , but its range at moderate speeds is the more remarkable thing about the vessel. It can travel more than 800 miles without re-fueling.

If you want a motorboat with a bit more speed, such as what a sport fisherman might need, consider the stats of the Pursuit SC 365i Sport Yacht . It can come close to 50 MPH at top speed and cruise comfortably in the 30 MPH range.

Finally, if you're wondering how fast larger motorboats go, the 40-foot Carver C40 Command Bridge cruises along at 30 MPH with ease and is suitable for use during multi-day trips.

Average Sailboat Speeds

Most people use sailboats because they savor the practice of harnessing the wind, not because they expect to go all that fast.

The average cruising sailboat, such as a celebrated Island Packet 420 , will sail along at an average speed of between 8  and 12 MPH  under most decent circumstances.

The world speed record of a sailboat is a bit faster than that, at just over 75 MPH . That breakneck speed was achieved by the  Vestas Sailrocket 2   in 2012.

And just for your interest, have you ever wondered how fast Columbus's ships sailed ? Experts agree that ships of the late 15th century likely cruised along at just under 4 knots and a likely top speed of 8 knots. That's an average boat speed of somewhere between 4 and  9 MPH . 

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Average Boat Speed and Fuel Consumption

Going fast in a motorboat is lots of fun but it can also be very expensive.

To help get a picture of the direct relationship of average boat speed to fuel used, let's select the Formula 240 Bowrider motorboat as our example. This affordable and capable 24-foot speedboat is a common favorite for American families.

At a steady cruising speed of 7 MPH, the 240 Bowrider consumes about 3 gallons of fuel per hour. At twice that speed, around 15 MPH, it consumes over twice the amount of fuel, burning up around 7 gallons per hour.

Double that speed again and the boat consumes 11 gallons of fuel at around 30 MPH. The Bowrider can go well over 45 MPH.

Many powerboats offer relative fuel efficiency at their mid-range speeds, so puttering along at only a few miles per hour isn't necessary for fuel savings. You can cruise at an enjoyable clip and still conserve fuel.

Laws About Boat Speed

It's generally rather easy to figure out the speed limit when you're driving on a road. All you have to do is look for the posted speed limit sign. Knowing boat speed regulations laws is a bit trickier.

The limits aren't always posted and can change based on a myriad of factors, including the type of waterway, time of day (or night), type of boat and more.

And what's more, a boat speed limit is rarely a specific numerical figure.

Once you're out on the open water of a sea, ocean or large lake, it's safe to assume you can take your boat up to its top speed provided you can see the way ahead of you is safe and clear.

Closer to shore - on a river, in the bay or in other such areas - you have to be a bit more cautious.

Generally, you must watch out for "no wake zones," which are enforced in many places, including near docks and marinas, in canals and near the shore in many cases.

To remain in compliance with a No Wake Zone rule, a boat must travel slow enough that it doesn't produce a swell large enough to threaten others in the area (including other boaters, swimmers, animals and so forth).

Most motorboats produce a noticeable wake at speeds greater than 5 MPH. Yes, navigating the way through a no wake zone can be an exercise in patience. But the rules regarding boat speed were designed to help keep all people out on the water safe, from the family enjoying a trip in their pleasure yacht to the fisherman casting a line off of his sit-on-top kayak.

Keep these considerations in mind when you're choosing your boat and taking it out for a spin to test its full speed.

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Average Boat Speeds: Sailboat, Pontoon, & Cruiser

If you are planning on buying a boat and have a need for speed, this article is for you! How fast do boats go on average? Below are the average and top speeds for three of the most common types of boats: sailboat, pontoon, and cruiser:

317.6mph (511 km/h) was the fastest boat speed ever recorded. Back in 1978, a speedboat used a jet engine (instead of a propeller) to power the boat.

In decades past, cigarette boats or rum-runners were motorboats designed for fast travel. In flat and calm waters, the slender-shaped boats could sail as fast as 90mph. 

This kind of speed is not a typical boat speed. The extra speed element designed for rum-runners was meant to outrun everyone as they carry on their smuggling activities. 

Read on to learn the average boat speeds and top boat speeds of sailboats, pontoons, and cruisers.

Also, we hope you find the links here useful. We may get a commission if you purchase something through a link on this page, so thank you!

The Need for Speed

Nothing can fire up the adrenaline more than enjoying a speedy boat ride. Knowing how fast a boat can go is important to know if you are going to use the boat for water activities requiring speed. The activities that require speed include water skiing, tubing , traveling far distances, or simply taking your friends or family for a thrilling fast ride.

A boat pulling a water skier goes at varying speeds from 10mph to 35mph. A 10mph boat speed is considered the best option for beginner water skiers. The higher speed of 35mph is best used for experienced water skiers involved in water activities such as jumps or slaloms.

The varying speeds make us see that the action is the determinant for average boat speeds. A boat with a top speed of 15mph is great if you want to cruise along calm waters.

The key is to strike a balance between fuel efficiency and speed. A faster boat generally will use more fuel than a slower boat. So just keep that in mind if you are planning on buying a fast boat.

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Boat Speed Factors

The hull type and length are the most important determinants of boat speed. A boat is liable to travel faster when less part of its body is submerged in water. A longer boat is a faster boat.

Below, I’ll describe three of the key factors that determine boat speed, including:

Boat Length

Wind speed and direction.

The length of the boat is a key factor in hull speed. A longer boat is a faster boat. That’s the rule of thumb for boats .

Different boat lengths showing their maximum hull speeds are as follows:

Wind speed and direction is another key factor that determines your average boat speed . This is especially important for sailboats, of course. You need to check these factors if you plan to make an ocean journey in a sailboat. Also, you want a favorable current and want to be downwind as much as possible when sailing.

A monohull or a displacement hull in a sailboat will enable it to travel the standard speeds between 4.5mph-7mph or 4-6 knots . However, using a planing hull will make it ride like the wind at unbelievable speeds between 35-58mph or 30-50 knots or 55-92kmh. The planing hulls in racing sailboats are a key reason for their incredible speeds.

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Average and Top Boat Speeds for a Sailboat, Cruiser, and Pontoon

Average boat speed of a sailboat.

The practice of harnessing the wind is a central skill for moving a sailboat fast. A sailboat’s average cruising speed ranges from 8mph to 12mph. However, sailboats are also capable of higher speeds, such as the breakneck world record speed of over 75mph in 2012. 

How fast did early sailboats go? It has been recorded that ships sailing during the 15 th century, like Columbus’ ship, had an average cruising speed of 4 knots, with its top speed being 8 knots. Converted into miles, that sailing speed would range between 4pmh and 9mph.

Check out this sailboat speed record done in 2012:

Average Boat Speed of a Pontoon Boat

A pontoon boat is more than just a relaxing ride on a lake – it is capable of reaching very fast speeds.

Under the right circumstances, a pontoon is capable of moving at more than 30mph. It can even achieve a speed of 35mph if a pontoon has a larger engine and the conditions are right.

For instance, a pontoon with a 90HP motor can easily move at more than 30mph. Putting a 60HP engine with a 20-foot pontoon can only achieve a speed of about 15mph.

On the other hand, placing a 90HP engine on a pontoon can make it move at the top speed of about 25mph, even when weighed down with a few passengers.

Here is a pontoon boat going much faster than they usually go:

Average Boat Speed of a Cruiser

The affordable price range of cruiser-style motorboats makes it the top boat for families in the United States. 

The slowest cruising speed for a cruiser is around 16mph. However, the remarkable thing about cruisers is their fuel efficiency. When moving at moderate speeds, the cruiser can go more than 800 miles without having to stop to refuel.

A sport fisher is a speedier type of cruiser. It has been known to come close to top speeds of about 50mph and a comfortable cruising speed around 30mph.

A larger motorboat is the best option to go for when trips take several days to travel. Bigger cruisers comfortably travel at around 30mph.

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Fuel Use for Standard Boat Speeds

Traveling fast in a motorboat is always thrilling and fun. However, the fuel expense can also burn a hole in your pocket.

For instance, a 24-foot speedboat maintaining a cruising speed of 7mph will consume around 3 gallons of fuel per hour. Traveling at a faster cruising speed of 15mph will now consume 7 gallons per hour.

Double that speed to 30mph, and the fuel consumption will rise to 11 gallons per hour! Notwithstanding, 24-foot motorboats are capable of running at speeds of more than 45mph. 

Some fuel-efficient powerboat models have addressed the fuel consumption issue with motorboats. With these kinds of motorboat models, cruising at enjoyable speeds still conserves fuel.

Boat Speed Laws 

You know the allowed speed limit when driving on the road. The speed limit is usually posted at the side of the road. However, it is a bit trickier to determine speed regulation for boats.

Beaches and waterfronts do not post speed limits for boats. This is because a lot of factors can change the speed limit. Factors include the type of boat , time, type of waterway, and more.

Sailing in the open water of an ocean, a big lake or sea that presents a clear view ahead of you can allow you to speed up your boat. But you have to move at a more cautious speed when traveling close to a bay, shore, or river. 

The “No Wake Zone” is the sign you have to watch out for. This sign is usually posted near the shore, docks, canals, and marinas. Seeing this sign means that a boat should travel slowly. A swell can threaten swimmers, other boaters, animals, and more.

Using a speed of more than 5mph can produce a noticeable wake. This means that you have to be extra careful with the speeds you use in “No Wake Zone” areas. 

This is a good rule that looks out for the safety of all people out on the water.

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Conclusion – Average Boat Speeds: Sailboat, Pontoon, Cruiser

What is the average boat speed for a sailboat , pontoon, and cruiser:

Different types of boats reach different speeds. Many factors can affect speed, such as current and wind conditions. The length of the boat can also affect the boat’s speed. A faster speed is with the larger-sized boats.

When it comes to long journeys, the first thing that boaters want to know is the boat’s average speed. Purpose and size are the top factors that influence a boat’s speed. Bulkier and larger ships plod more slowly than the specifically sleek designs of the racing sailboats. 

As mentioned, the longer the length of the boat, the faster it will go. The wind and the hull type are other big boat speed factors. With that said, enjoy going fast on the water, but remember to put safety first.

Related reading:

What Is the Best Stainless Steel Propeller?

Types of Boats – Full List of 20 Different Types

Cigarette Boat – What Is It and Why Is It Called That

Amel Sailboat Review [50, 60, Super Maramu, Kirk]

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Average Speed of a Sailboat (How Fast Can a Sailboat Go?)

Written by Anthony Roberts / Fact checked by Jonathan Larson

You might have seen how sailing yachts seem to outpace motorized boats in a regatta, prompting you to ask about the average speed of a sailboat. Although the record holder (the Vestas Sailrocket 2) can blitz to 65.5 knots, the run-off-the-mill sailing vessel can only reach four to six knots.

Several factors influence sailboat speeds, and we will examine each in this article. Please keep reading, so you will not miss the invaluable information you will get from this post.

Table of Contents

1. Hull shape

2. sailboat length, 1. alternative measurement, 2. converting knots to kph or mph, 1. hull type, tips to improve speed, frequently asked questions, how fast can a sailing vessel go.

Regatta-competing racing sailboats can reach a top speed of about 20 knots, while custom-built high speed racing yachts can log 50 knots. As mentioned, the Vestas Sailrocket 2 blitzes the waters at a dizzying 65.5 knots (75.38 miles per hour or 121.31 kilometers per hour).

On the other hand, the average sailboat in lakes and other bodies of water can only top the speed charts at seven knots (8.06 MPH or 12.97 KPH), averaging about four to six knots (4.6 to 6.9 MPH or 7.4 to 11.1 KPH).

An 1800s or 1970s sailing ship (i.e., galleon or clipper) has about the same speed as the average modern sailboat. However, it is worth noting that the Sovereign of the Seas logged the highest velocity for a sail-powered ship at 22 knots (25.32 MPH or 40.75 KPH) in 1854.

Meanwhile, the fastest sailing dinghy is the International Moth, blasting the waters at 35.9 knots (41.3 MPH or 66.5 KPH).

So, why the variance?

Two intrinsic (within the boat itself) factors impact the speed of sailboat units. These include hull shape and vessel length.

Racing sailboats are faster than cruising yachts because of their unique hull shape differences.

A sailboat built for speed has a super-slim hull and straight buttock lines. The aft section forms a straight line between the slightly wide transom and the hull’s lowest point.

Meanwhile, sluggish sailboats have a “fat tub” hull shape, a narrow stern, and a curvy hull.

There is a scientific explanation about the impact of sailboat size (or length) on its speed. Sailing vessels create a wave pattern as they move along the water, one at the front and another at the back.

A water wave sufficient to help the boat move occurs if the sailboat’s length is similar to the length of the wave. This phenomenon “lifts” the vessel’s bow, increasing its speed while reducing water resistance.

Hence, a longer sailboat will have a greater cruising speed than short vessels because they can create longer waves.

We prepared the following table to illustrate how vessel length impacts sailboat speed. Hence, a 40 ft. sailboat will always be speedier than shorter sailing vessels (<40 feet).

How to Calculate the Speed

You can use an online sailboat speed calculator, input the required variables, and the system will automatically run the equation. Alternatively, you can determine your sailboat’s average speed by following this simple formula.

Average yacht speed knots = (√(LWL))x 1.34

In which “LWL” is your sailboat’s length at the waterline

Suppose you have a 36-foot sailboat that measures 26 feet at the waterline. The square root of 26 is 5.099. Multiplying this number by 1.34 will result in 6.832 or 6.8 knots.

How about a 59-foot sailing vessel with a waterline length of 47 feet? The square root of 47 is 6.86. We will get 9.19 knots after multiplying 6.86 by 1.34.

Please note that this sailboat speed is the average, provided you have clear skies, calm seas, and an ideal sailboat setup.

For example, suppose we achieved 6.8 knots with 15-knot winds and a sail setup of 50- to 120-degree true wind angle. We can expect our sailboat example to be slower if we do not achieve these conditions.

You can also determine your sailboat’s speed by sailing from one point to another. However, you might have to ascertain the distance between these two locations beforehand, and it should be in nautical miles (NM).

Why nautical miles? We are measuring sailboat speeds in knots. One knot is equivalent to one NM per hour. It is worth noting that one NM is 1.15 land-based miles, to put it in perspective.

Take the known distance between the two locations (in nautical miles) and divide the number by the time it took you to complete the journey.

For example, suppose you sailed from Buffalo, New York to Detroit, Michigan, with a distance of 186.99 nautical miles, and it took you 23 hours to complete the journey. In that case, 186.99 divided by 23 hours is 8.13 knots.

You can also take your average sailing distance per day to gain a more comprehensive understanding of your sailboat’s speed. For example, a sailboat with a 6-knot average speed can cover 144 nautical miles in 24 hours (6 x 24 = 144).

Something might be amiss if your boat sailed for 24 hours and covered less than 144 nautical miles. You might have more favorable sailing conditions if you traveled the distance in less than 24 hours.

Sailors use “knots” as the unit of measure for vessel speed. Unfortunately, ordinary mortals are unfamiliar with this metric. They are more in tune with “miles per hour” (MPH) or “kilometers per hour” (km/h or KPH).

We mentioned that a nautical mile is slightly longer than a land-measured mile (1.15 statute miles). We also know that 1 NM per hour is 1 knot. Hence, we can multiply the “knot” value by 1.15 to determine your sailboat’s speed in MPH (miles per hour).

A mile is also longer than a kilometer (1 mile = 1.60934 kilometers). Thus, we can assume our KPH values will be higher than knots and MPH. We can multiply “knots” by 1.852 to get the value in KPH.

For example, a top speed sailboat blitzing at 50 knots has a maximum velocity of 57.5 MPH (50 knots x 1.15) or 92.6 KPH (50 knots x 1.852).

On the other hand, a 6.5-knot sailboat can only muster 7.475 MPH or 12.038 KPH.

Factors Affecting Sailboat Speed

Although we already discussed hull shape and vessel length’s influence on sailboat speed, three other factors can impact watercraft velocity.

Sailboats with at least two hulls (catamarans) are 25 to 30 percent faster than monohulls, given equal lengths.

Hence, if a single-hulled sailboat can go six knots, we can expect a catamaran to have an average speed of 7.5 to 7.8 knots (8.625 to 8.97 MPH or 13.89 to 14.45 KPH). This sailboat hull can match a racing monohull sailboat’s velocity with better comfort.

Add another hull to the catamaran (a trimaran), and you can outpace a racing monohull by doubling its velocity.

Although some sailboats have engines, most rely on wind power for propulsion. Hence, stronger winds can make a sailboat go faster by pushing against the sail. Unfortunately, wind direction can also influence vessel speed. You can go fast if the wind blows in your heading.

You might be inclined to believe that calm waters can make your sailboat go faster. Unfortunately, serene waters often mean gentle winds. And if there is not much wind to push the sail, you cannot expect your vessel to go faster.

Current, wind, and wave or sea condition is the most important factor in determining a safe vessel speed. If the water is rough, it is safer to reduce speed because bad weather can impair visibility and make it challenging to maneuver the vessel.

Here are some tips to improve sailboat speed.

• Ensure the sailboat’s proper operating condition, especially the mast, sail, and extrusions. Check the hull and foils.
• Be mindful of the sailboat’s maximum weight capacity, ensuring you do not exceed the rating. Moreover, the correct weight distribution can help you pilot the sailboat faster.
• You might want to brush up on your sailing competencies, including sail control, steering, sail angling, genoa and jib control, kite curling, efficient pumping, and wind positioning.
• Check your sailboat’s settings, including the shroud tension, mast rake, jib car position, mast step position, keel position, and vang tension.

Sailboat speed vs wind speed: which’s faster?

A vessel sailing faster than the wind is possible with a superiorly designed and streamlined hull and the correct sail angle. Otherwise, the sailboat will only be as fast as the wind speed on the sail.

It is also worth mentioning that sailboats with multiple hulls or a planing hull can be faster than wind speeds.

How fast can a sailboat go under power?

A sailboat under power can move on the water at an average velocity of four to five knots (nautical miles per hour) or 5 MPH (8 KPH). This is not very fast but not slow either.

Are catamarans or monohulls faster?

Multihulls (i.e., catamarans and trimarans) are faster than monohulls, averaging about nine to ten knots (10.35 to 11.5 MPH or 16.69 to 18.52 KPH). On the other hand, monohulls only average six to eight knots (6.9 to 9.2 MPH or 11.11 to 14.82 KPH).

The average speed of a sailboat varies across sailing vessel types, sailboat lengths, hull shapes, and hull types. Wind and waves can also influence sailboat velocity.

Given ideal weather conditions, the average sailing vessel can cruise at four to six knots. Custom-built, high-performance racing yachts can blitz the waters at up to 65 knots. Twin-hulled sailboats are 25 to 30 percent faster than their single-hull counterparts, while triple-hulls are super-quick.

Of course, everything depends on wave and wind conditions.\

Read more : The fastest speed of a boat.

Ten years of enjoying countless trips on boats never made me love them any less! So I am here to put all those experiences into good use for other boaters who want to have a safe and fun trip with their friends and families.

• Types of Sailboats
• Parts of a Sailboat
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Hullspeed and the Speed/Length Ratio

So what gives one boat better hullspeed than another? This question was pondered long and hard by William Froude (1810 to 1869), a British engineer who had a special fascination with the sea and ships.

Funded by the Admiralty, who were clearly very keen to get some answers to this question, he built a tank testing facility at Torquay, where he experimented with various model hull forms.

As an early expert in model analysis he was well acquainted with the 'law of mechanical similitude' , which demonstrates among other things that there are few linear relationships in hull design.

So just what is the answer?

Let's take a look...

Hullspeed and the Matchbox Analogy

Consider your hull as a matchbox - not wonderfully efficient hydrodynamically, but stick with it for a moment.

Dissatisfied with the constraints of matchbox living, you decide to double its size. You add another matchbox ahead to double its length, two alongside to double its beam and four on top to double its draft.

Now wetted area has increased by four, volume and displacement by eight and stability - as the product of its mass and acceleration - has increased sixteenfold.

So by doubling a hull's dimensions, wetted area is squared, displacement is cubed and stability increases by the power of four.

With this knowledge and that gained by carefully measuring applied force and resultant movement, Froude was able to both calculate and demonstrate that a relationship existed between hull speed and waterline length - that relationship being known and described in the metric world as 'Froude Numbers'.

The Speed/Length Ratio

However, most of us more accustomed to units of feet and knots are probably more familiar with the Froude Number's close relation - the Speed/Length Ratio.

S/L Ratio = hullspeed (in knots) divided by the square root of the waterline length (in feet)

This discovery enabled Froude to compare the performance of boats of different length. For example a 25ft sailboat moving at 5 knots would have the same S/L Ratio at a 100ft patrol boat steaming along at 10knots, and consequently both would develop the same resistance per ton of displacement at those speeds.

For Froude's models, having no rig above the waterline to create windage, this resistance was caused by two principal factors; hull drag and wave making resistance.

Maximum Hull Speed

Maximum hull speed (in knots) = 1.34 x the square root of the waterline length (in feet)

These figures relate to a boat in displacement mode. If sufficient power can be applied to overcome hull drag and enable the boat to plane, then other criteria will affect ultimate hullspeed.

Any Questions?

What is the theoretical hull speed of a non-planing boat?

The theoretical hull speed is the maximum speed that a non-planing boat can achieve in displacement mode, when the wavelength of its bow wave is equal to its waterline length. Beyond this speed, the boat will encounter increasing wave resistance and will need more power to overcome it.

What factors affect the theoretical hull speed of a boat?

The main factor that affects the theoretical hull speed of a boat is its waterline length, which determines the wavelength of its bow wave. The longer the waterline length, the higher the theoretical hull speed. Other factors that may influence the actual speed of a boat include its hull shape, displacement, draft, trim, sail area, wind and sea conditions, and propeller efficiency.

What is the difference between planing and non-planing boats?

Planing boats are boats that can lift themselves partially or fully out of the water and ride on top of their own bow wave, reducing their wetted surface area and drag. Planing boats can exceed their theoretical hull speed and reach higher speeds with less power. Non-planing boats are boats that remain fully submerged in the water and cannot climb over their own bow wave. Non-planing boats are limited by their theoretical hull speed and require more power to increase their speed.

What is the 'half angle of entrance' and how does it affect wave resistance?

The half angle of entrance is the angle between the waterline and the centerline of a boat at its bow. The smaller the half angle of entrance, the finer the bow shape and the lower the wave resistance. A fine bow can slice through water with minimal disturbance, while a blunt bow can generate large waves and drag. The half angle of entrance is one of the key factors that determines the wave-making resistance of a boat.

How can I increase the speed of my non-planing boat?

There are several ways to increase the speed of your non-planing boat, such as:

• Increasing your sail area or using more efficient sails;
• Reducing your displacement or weight;
• Optimizing your trim or balance;
• Improving your propeller efficiency or reducing your propeller drag;
• Choosing a finer or longer hull shape;
• Sailing in favorable wind and sea conditions.

What are some common misconceptions about hull speed?

Some common misconceptions about hull speed are: - Hull speed is a fixed limit that cannot be exceeded by non-planing boats. In reality, hull speed is a theoretical estimate that can be surpassed by some boats with sufficient power or sail area, but at the cost of increased wave resistance and drag.

• Hull speed is the same for all boats with the same waterline length. In reality, hull speed can vary depending on the hull shape, displacement, draft, and trim of the boat, as well as the wind and sea conditions;
• Hull speed is the optimal speed for non-planing boats. In reality, hull speed is often too high for non-planing boats to maintain efficiently or comfortably, especially in adverse conditions. A lower speed that minimizes wave-making resistance and maximizes fuel or power efficiency may be more desirable.

The above answers were drafted by sailboat-cruising.com using GPT-4 (OpenAI’s large-scale language-generation model) as a research assistant to develop source material; to the best of our knowledge,  we believe them to be accurate.

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Discover the Speed of Sailboats: How Fast Does a Sail Boat Go?

Alex Morgan

Sail boats have long captivated people with their elegance and ability to harness the power of the wind. If you’ve ever wondered how fast a sail boat can go, this article will provide you with a comprehensive understanding. We will begin with an introduction to sail boats and how they work.

Sail boats are vessels that utilize the wind to propel themselves through the water. They consist of a hull, which is the body of the boat, and one or more sails, which capture the wind’s energy. When the wind fills the sails, it creates a force that propels the boat forward. The angle and shape of the sails can be adjusted to optimize the boat’s performance.

Several factors play a crucial role in determining the speed of a sail boat. The first and most obvious factor is the speed and direction of the wind. The stronger the wind, the faster the boat can potentially go. The sail area and design also affect speed, as larger, more aerodynamic sails generate more power. The design and weight of the boat’s hull impact its performance. Proper trim and sail control, along with favorable water conditions, can further enhance a sail boat’s speed.

To better understand sail boat speed, it is important to grasp the concept of knots. A knot is a unit of speed equivalent to one nautical mile per hour. The average speed of a sail boat can vary based on various factors, but it typically ranges from 4 to 8 knots.

Different types of sail boats have different typical speeds. Dinghy sail boats, which are small and agile, can reach speeds of 5 to 15 knots. Cruising sail boats, designed for leisurely journeys, have an average speed of 5 to 8 knots. On the other hand, racing sail boats, built for speed and competitiveness, can achieve impressive speeds of 12 to 20 knots or more.

If you are looking to increase the speed of your sail boat, there are several factors to consider. Sail trim, which involves adjusting the angle and tension of the sails, is crucial for optimizing performance. Proper weight distribution is also important to maintain balance and reduce drag. Mastering tacking and gybing techniques, which involve changing the boat’s direction relative to the wind, can help maximize speed. Upgrading sails to newer and more advanced designs can significantly enhance a sail boat’s speed.

By understanding the intricacies of sail boat speed and implementing strategies to optimize performance, you can fully appreciate the exhilarating experience of sailing. In the following sections, we will delve deeper into the topic, addressing frequently asked questions and providing valuable insights into the world of sail boat speed.

Key takeaway:

• A sailboat’s speed is influenced by various factors: Wind speed and direction, sail area and design, hull design and weight, trim and sail control, and water conditions all affect how fast a sailboat can go.
• The average speed of a sailboat is measured in knots, with 1 knot equaling 1 nautical mile per hour.
• The speed of different types of sailboats can vary: Dinghy sailboats, cruising sailboats, and racing sailboats all have different typical speeds based on their design and intended use.

What is a Sail Boat?

A sail boat is a watercraft propelled by sails, harnessing wind power. It consists of a hull , which is the body of the boat, and one or more masts with attached sails. The fabric sails are designed to catch the wind and convert its energy into forward motion.

Sail boats work based on the principle of aerodynamics. The shape and angle of the sails create lift when the wind blows against them, similar to an airplane wing. This lift, combined with the boat’s hull design, allows the sail boat to move forward through the water.

The speed of a sail boat can vary and depends on several factors. These factors include wind speed and direction, sail area and design, hull design and weight, trim and sail control, and water conditions. They can affect the efficiency and performance of the sail boat, determining its speed.

How Do Sail Boats Work?

Sail boats work by utilizing the power of the wind to propel themselves through the water. They achieve this through a combination of adjusting the position of the sails and utilizing lift and drag forces. Understanding how sail boats work is essential for safe and enjoyable sailing.

One of the key principles of sail boat operation is the use of sails. Sail boats have sails that capture the wind, similar to how an airplane wing works. The wind creates lift, which pushes the sail boat forward.

Another important component of sail boat operation is the rudder . Located at the stern of the boat, the rudder is a vertical fin that steers the boat by directing the flow of water. By adjusting the angle of the rudder, the sailor can control the boat’s direction.

The keel is another crucial aspect of sail boat operation. It extends beneath the boat into the water and provides stability. It also generates lift, which counteracts the force of the wind and prevents the boat from tipping over.

To change direction, sail boats perform maneuvers called tacking and gybing . Tacking involves turning the bow of the boat through the wind, while gybing involves turning the stern of the boat through the wind. These maneuvers allow the boat to navigate different angles relative to the wind direction.

To optimize the performance of a sail boat, it is important to learn how to trim the sails and make adjustments based on wind conditions. Practice and experience will enhance sailing skills and proficiency.

Factors Affecting the Speed of a Sail Boat

When it comes to the speed of a sailboat, numerous factors come into play. From wind speed and direction to sail area and design, hull design and weight, trim and sail control, as well as water conditions, each element can greatly impact how fast a sailboat can go. Let’s dive into these crucial factors that sailors should consider to harness the full potential of their sailboat and achieve optimal speed on the water.

Wind Speed and Direction

Wind speed and direction greatly impact a sailboat’s speed. A knowledgeable sailor can use the wind to their advantage and adjust their sailing techniques accordingly.

To understand the impact of wind speed and direction on a sailboat’s speed, refer to the following table:

When the wind blows directly from behind, it is called a “ downwind ” condition. Sailboats can achieve their maximum potential speed during this condition by adjusting their sails appropriately.

In contrast, when the wind comes directly from the front, known as a “ headwind ,” sailboats experience resistance and slower speeds. Sailors often need to tack or zigzag to make progress against the wind.

A true story that illustrates the importance of wind speed and direction involves a solo sailor named Paul Larsen . In 2012, he set the world sailing speed record on Vestas Sailrocket 2 , reaching a remarkable speed of 68 knots (78 miles per hour) in Namibia . Larsen’s achievement demonstrates how harnessing the power of the wind can propel a sailboat to incredible speeds.

Remember, mastering wind speed and direction is essential for any sailor looking to maximize their sailboat’s performance and have a safe and enjoyable voyage.

Sail Area and Design

The sail area and design of a sailboat are crucial for performance and speed. Sail area, which refers to the size and shape of the sails and is measured in square feet or square meters, is a key factor in determining the power and speed of a sailboat. A larger sail area allows the boat to catch more wind, resulting in increased power and speed. It is important to balance the sail area with the boat’s hull design and weight to ensure stability and control.

The design of the sails also plays a significant role in the performance of a sailboat. Factors such as shape, curvature, and material can greatly impact its efficiency. Modern sail designs utilize advanced fabrics and shaping techniques to harness the wind more effectively, generating increased lift and facilitating faster sailing.

Optimizing the efficiency and performance of the sails requires proper positioning and trim. Sail trim involves adjusting the angle and tension of the sails to capture the maximum amount of wind and translate it into forward motion.

When selecting a sailboat, it is important to consider the sail area and design that align with your sailing goals. For racing purposes, a sailboat with a larger sail area and a design focused on speed would be ideal. On the other hand, for cruising or recreational sailing, a sailboat with a balanced design that prioritizes stability and comfort may be more suitable.

Hull Design and Weight

Sailboat hull design and weight are crucial for speed and performance on the water. The shape and weight distribution directly affect how the boat moves. Here are key factors for hull design and weight:

1. Hull Design: A sleek and narrow hull minimizes resistance and maximizes speed. It allows the boat to cut through the water smoothly and reduces drag.

2. Weight Distribution: Proper balance and stability result from even weight distribution from bow to stern and side to side. This ensures the boat remains level and responsive to the wind.

3. Materials Used: The choice of materials affects speed. Lighter materials like fiberglass or carbon fiber reduce weight and increase speed. The hull’s strength and durability should not be compromised.

4. Ballast and Weight: Sailboats may have ballast at the bottom of the keel to stabilize and prevent capsizing. The size and placement of the ballast affect both stability and speed.

5. Hydrodynamics: The hull design should consider keel shape, hull angle, and water interaction. A well-designed hull minimizes water resistance and maximizes speed.

To achieve optimal performance on the water, consider hull design and weight when choosing a sailboat. The right shape, weight distribution, materials, and ballast greatly impact speed and overall sailing experience. So, evaluate these factors carefully when selecting a sailboat to maximize your enjoyment on the water.

In 2012, Paul Larsen set the world sailing speed record with the sailboat Vestas Sailrocket 2 , reaching a record-breaking speed of 68 knots (78 miles per hour). This achievement highlights the importance of hull design and weight in achieving high speeds on the water. With advancements in technology and a focus on hydrodynamics, sailboats continue to push the limits of speed and performance, making sailing an exhilarating sport.

Trim and Sail Control

Trim and sail control are crucial for optimizing a sailboat’s speed and maneuverability. The appropriate trimming of the sails enables the exploitation of the wind’s power and ensures maximum efficiency . Sail control entails the adjustment of the main sail, jib, and other sails to maintain balance and control. By skillfully manipulating the sails, sailors can achieve optimal lift and minimize drag, ultimately resulting in enhanced speed . Effective trim and sail control techniques depend on various factors such as wind conditions , boat type , and the sailor’s proficiency level .

Seasoned sailors possess the ability to make precise modifications to refine sail shape and improve performance. The utilization of telltales , which are thin ribbons affixed to the sails, aids in discerning wind flow and facilitates the necessary adjustments to trim and control. To optimize their sailboat’s speed and performance, sailors must continuously assess wind conditions and make ongoing alterations to trim and sail control. The mastery of trim and sail control techniques necessitates consistent practice and accumulated experience.

Water Conditions

When sailing, water conditions significantly impact a sailboat’s speed and performance. Important factors to consider include:

Wind strength: Strong winds increase speed, while light winds can slow the boat down.

Wave height and frequency: The size and frequency of waves affect stability and speed. Large waves can be challenging to navigate, causing the boat to slow.

Currents: Water currents can either boost or hinder speed. Favorable currents provide an extra push, while strong opposing currents slow the boat down.

Tide levels: Sailors need to consider tides when planning routes. High or low tides affect water depth and flow, potentially impacting speed and maneuverability.

Water temperature: Although it doesn’t directly affect speed, water temperature can influence wind patterns. Temperature differences between air and water can create varying wind conditions that may affect boat speed.

In a true story, experienced sailors faced challenging water conditions with strong winds and large waves during an ocean race. Despite these difficulties, they skillfully navigated their sailboat by adjusting sail trim and utilizing their knowledge of water currents. This highlighted the importance of understanding and adapting to water conditions for optimal sailboat performance.

Understanding Sail Boat Speed

When it comes to sail boat speed, several factors are important:

• Wind conditions: The speed of a sail boat depends on the strength and direction of the wind. Strong gusts can enable impressive speeds, while light or inconsistent winds will result in slower speeds.
• Sail size and design: The size and design of the sails play a crucial role in determining the sail boat’s speed. A larger sail area provides more power and can propel the boat faster, especially in optimal wind conditions.
• Hull type: The hull design and shape of a sail boat affect its speed and performance. Smooth-hulled sail boats with streamlined shapes are generally faster and more efficient in the water.
• Crew skill and experience: The crew’s ability to trim the sails, navigate, and make tactical decisions greatly impacts the boat’s speed. Skilled sailors can maximize the boat’s performance by effectively harnessing the wind to achieve higher speeds.

Suggestions to enhance sail boat speed:

• Regularly maintain and clean the sails and hull to reduce drag and optimize performance.
• Invest in high-quality sails and equipment specifically designed to enhance speed.
• Stay updated on weather forecasts and choose sailing routes with favorable wind conditions.
• Continually improve sailing techniques and knowledge through training and practice.

Understanding sail boat speed is essential for sail boat enthusiasts and sailors. By considering wind conditions, sail size and design, hull type, and crew skills, it is possible to optimize the speed and performance of a sail boat.

What is Knot?

The knot is a unit of speed used in navigation and aviation. It equals one nautical mile per hour. One nautical mile is about 1.15078 statute miles or 1.852 kilometers. Knots often measure the speed of sailboats, ships, and aircraft. For example, a sailboat traveling at 10 knots has a speed of roughly 11.5 miles per hour or 18.5 kilometers per hour.

Fun Fact: The term “ knot ” comes from measuring speed by throwing a log or buoy overboard and using a rope with knots at regular intervals to measure the distance traveled. The number of knots passing through a sailor’s hand within a specific time period indicates the vessel’s speed.

What is Knot ?

What is the Average Speed of a Sail Boat?

The average speed of a sail boat varies depending on several factors. Sail boat speeds are measured in knots , which is equivalent to one nautical mile per hour. A cruising sail boat typically travels at speeds ranging from 5 to 8 knots . Some cruising sail boats can reach speeds up to 12 knots in ideal conditions. Racing sail boats, designed for speed , can reach even higher speeds, averaging between 8 to 12 knots and sometimes exceeding 20 knots .

Several factors influence the speed of a sail boat. Wind speed and direction , sail area , and design , hull design and weight , and controls used to trim the sails all contribute to the boat’s speed. Water conditions such as currents and tides can also affect a sail boat’s speed.

It should be noted that these speeds are general estimates and can vary depending on the specific sail boat, weather conditions, and the skill of the sailors. Sailors can use tools like sailing distance calculators and GPS tracking devices to accurately measure their speed and distance covered.

Typical Speeds of Different Types of Sail Boats

Curious to know how fast sail boats can go? In this section, we’ll dive into the exciting world of sail boats and explore the typical speeds of different types. From nimble dinghy sail boats to elegant cruising sail boats and adrenaline-pumping racing sail boats , we’ll uncover the exhilarating speeds these vessels can reach. So, buckle up and get ready to ride the waves as we explore the thrilling realm of sail boat speeds.

Dinghy Sail Boats

Dinghy sail boats , also known as dinghies , are popular watercraft used for a variety of purposes such as recreational sailing, racing, and training. These small and lightweight vessels are designed to accommodate one or two people, and their maneuverability and responsiveness make them ideal for navigating in tight spaces. Due to their efficient design and compact size, dinghy sail boats are capable of achieving impressive speeds. In fact, they are frequently employed in Olympic sailing events , which serves as a testament to their versatility and exceptional performance capabilities.

Cruising Sail Boats

Cruising sail boats are specifically designed for leisurely sailing and comfortable living. These sail boats stand apart from racing or dinghy sail boats due to their larger size and abundance of amenities. With cabins, a galley, and sleeping quarters, cruising sail boats are perfect for longer trips and overnight stays. They prioritize comfort and stability, ensuring a smooth and enjoyable sailing experience. The spacious and accommodating hull design features a wider beam to enhance stability. Their heavier weight compared to racing sail boats aids in stability and reduces the impact of waves. Their smaller sail area makes them easier to handle for recreational sailors.

Cruising sail boats are versatile and able to handle various water conditions, including coastal cruising and offshore passages. Their maximum hull speed is determined by their length. Safety is paramount, and it is imperative to equip these sail boats with GPS tracking devices and life-saving equipment. When searching for a cruising sail boat, take into consideration factors such as size, layout, amenities, and the specific needs of your sailing adventures.

Racing Sail Boats

Racing sail boats are specifically designed for competitive sailing events. These boats are carefully crafted to be lightweight and possess a sleek hull design that minimizes drag in the water. What sets them apart from other sail boats is their larger sail area, allowing them to capitalize on more wind and ultimately achieve greater speeds. To fully optimize the performance of racing sail boats, skilled sailors play a critical role by promptly adjusting the sail trim to maximize speed. The distribution of weight is of utmost importance to maintain balance and stability, especially when cruising at high speeds.

In the realm of racing sail boats, tactics and strategy hold significant value as sailors must timely decide when to tack or gybe in order to maintain the most favorable wind angle. Upgrading the sails of a racing sail boat can substantially impact its speed and overall performance. By integrating cutting-edge materials into the sails, such as high-performance materials, it is possible to elevate the boat’s speed and performance significantly. In racing sail boats, it is common to utilize GPS tracking devices to accurately measure speed and distance throughout races.

Factors to Consider for Increasing Sail Boat Speed

When it comes to increasing the speed of a sailboat, there are some crucial factors to consider. We’ll dive into sail trim , weight distribution , tacking and gybing techniques, and upgrading sails . Unleash the power of the wind on the open water and discover how these elements can make all the difference in reaching new speeds. So, hop aboard and let’s explore the secrets to sailing faster than ever before!

Sail trim is crucial for maximizing a sailboat’s speed and performance. It involves adjusting the sails to utilize the wind power effectively. Consider these key points for sail trim:

• Balancing the sails: Properly balancing the sails is essential for optimal performance. This involves adjusting the angle and tension of the sails to ensure even wind filling.
• Main sail trim: The main sail is the largest and most important sail. The trimmer adjusts its position and shape by adjusting the main sheet, halyard tension, and boom vang.
• Jib/genoa trim: The jib or genoa plays a significant role in driving the boat forward. The trimmer adjusts the jib/genoa using the jib sheet to control the sail’s angle and tension.
• Twisting the sails: Properly twisting the sails helps maintain balance and efficiency. The trimmer adjusts the sail’s twist by controlling the tension in the leech (back edge) of the sail.
• Monitoring wind conditions: Constantly monitoring wind speed and direction is crucial for effective sail trim. Adjustments must be made to compensate for changes in wind strength and direction.

During a sailing race, a sailboat crew noticed their competitors consistently outperforming them. They realized their sail trim was not optimized. They experimented with different sail adjustments, focusing on balancing the sails and adjusting the twist. With improved sail trim, they caught up to their competitors and ultimately won the race. This experience highlights the importance of sail trim in achieving maximum speed and performance.

Weight Distribution

Weight distribution is essential for enhancing the velocity of a sailboat. Here are some crucial factors to take into account:

Balance: Maintaining proper weight distribution ensures the boat’s stability and facilitates efficient movement through the water.

Center of gravity: By keeping the weight centered and low, it prevents the sailboat from becoming top-heavy and enhances maneuverability.

Crew position: The positioning of the crew on the boat significantly impacts weight distribution. They should be strategically placed to achieve optimal performance and minimize drag.

Trimming sails: Skillfully adjusting the sails enables them to efficiently catch the wind and affects weight distribution. The crew should trim the sails according to the wind conditions to maximize speed.

Shifting weight: Depending on the situation, the crew may need to shift their weight from one side of the boat to the other in order to maintain balance and effectively utilize wind gusts.

Weight distribution is influenced by various factors, including the boat’s design, size, and intended use. Making adjustments based on these factors has a positive impact on the sailboat’s speed and overall performance.

Did you know? Correct weight distribution not only increases a sailboat’s speed but also enhances its stability and reduces the risk of capsizing.

Tacking and Gybing Techniques

Tacking and gybing are essential sailing skills. Here is a list of steps for performing tacking and gybing :

Release the working sheet.

Initiate the turn by pushing or pulling the tiller or wheel away from the desired direction.

Cross the bow of the boat through the wind.

Switch the working sheet to the opposite side and trim it in.

Initiate the turn by pulling or pushing the tiller or wheel towards the desired direction.

Allow the boom to swing across the boat as the wind direction changes.

These techniques require practice and coordination with the crew. Anticipate and communicate the maneuvers to ensure everyone’s safety. Always be aware of other boats and obstacles when tacking and gybing .

During a regatta , our team was neck and neck with another boat. To overtake them, our skipper executed a perfect gybe, while the crew swiftly switched the sheets and trimmed them in. Our boat accelerated suddenly, leaving our competitors behind. We won the race due to our skillful tacking and gybing techniques and teamwork .

Upgrading Sails

When it comes to upgrading sails, it is important to assess the condition and performance of your current sails. Look out for any signs of wear and tear, such as fraying or stretching, as these issues can affect the efficiency of your sails. It is a good idea to consult with a sailmaker who can evaluate your boat and provide recommendations on suitable upgrades. Factors such as size, type, goals, and budget will be taken into consideration.

When choosing new sails, consider the sail material that best suits your sailing conditions and preferences. Options like Dacron , laminate , or carbon fiber offer different benefits. If you are looking for enhanced speed and responsiveness, high-tech sails like laminate or carbon fiber could be a great choice. Upgrading to sails with better aerodynamic design and shape, such as flat-cut or radial-cut sails, can significantly improve performance and reduce drag.

Another aspect to consider is the size of your current sails. Resizing them appropriately can optimize their performance. Explore the option of adding adjustable sail controls, like cunningham , outhaul , and boom vang . These controls allow for easy adjustments while sailing, helping to optimize sail shape and performance.

To ensure the longevity of your sails, it is crucial to maintain them regularly. This includes proper cleaning, storage, inspections, and repairs when necessary. By taking care of your sails, you can extend their lifespan and continue enjoying a great sailing experience. Upgrading your sails can have a significant impact on the speed and overall performance of your sailboat.

Some Facts About How Fast Does A Sail Boat Go:

• ✅ The fastest recorded sailboat speed is 68 knots (approximately 78 miles per hour). (Source: Our Team)
• ✅ Monohull sailboats typically travel between six and eight knots. (Source: Our Team)
• ✅ Catamarans and trimarans can reach speeds of nine to ten knots. (Source: Our Team)
• ✅ The average speed of a sailboat depends on factors such as size, hull shape, currents, wind, and body of water. (Source: Our Team)
• ✅ The average cruising speed for sailboats between 30 and 50 feet is around 5.4 to 6.9 knots. (Source: Our Team)

Frequently Asked Questions

1. what is the average speed of a monohull sailboat.

The average speed of a monohull sailboat typically ranges between six and eight knots.

2. Who holds the record for the fastest sailboat speed?

The world record for the fastest recorded sailboat speed is held by Paul Larsen and his Vestas Sailrocket 2, reaching a speed of 68 knots in 2012.

3. What factors affect the speed of a sailboat?

The speed of a sailboat is influenced by various factors such as hull shape, size, wind conditions, currents, and the body of water it is traversing.

4. How can I calculate the speed of my sailboat?

To calculate your sailboat’s speed, multiply the average cruising speed in knots by the time traveled in hours. For example, an average speed of 6 knots would mean covering about 144 nautical miles in a 24-hour period.

5. Where can I find sailboats for sale?

There is a wide selection of sailboats for sale in Florida, which can be viewed online or in a monthly publication available at marinas throughout the state.

6. How does hull length affect sailboat speed?

A longer sailboat can create longer waves and move faster, while a shorter sailboat may experience reduced speeds due to its hull length.

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What is the Average Speed of a Sailboat? ANSWERED: Measurement, Hulls & Speed Factors

Sailboats are not the best choice of transportation when speed is an essential factor. The average speed of the typical monohull sailboat is between six and ten knots. Of course, many factors affect this speed, and some boats are designed to be faster than others. And of course, there are always exceptions to the rule, and some of today’s fastest racing sailboats can fly along at speeds over 50 knots!

Table of Contents

Measuring boat speed – what’s a knot, types of boat hulls, how do you calculate displacement hull speed, factors affecting the speed of a sailboat, ways to design a faster sailboat, knots and nautical miles.

The speed of boats and ships is measured in knots or “nautical miles per hour.” This is slightly different than the standard MPH you may use in your car. For example, a nautical mile (nm) equals 6,076 feet, whereas a statute mile is equal to 5,280 feet. So one nautical mile is equivalent to 1.15 statute miles. 

Why do boats use nautical miles? The nautical mile is born from the lines of latitude (also called parallels) drawn across the globe by map makers. Each degree of latitude is the same distance from the next one. Each degree contains 60 minutes, and each minute is exactly equal to one nautical mile.

VMG vs. SOG

Finally, it’s also important to realize that there are many ways to measure the velocity of a boat through the water. The simplest method is to use what is commonly called a knot log. In the old days, this was a calibrated string that trailed behind the boat. It was marked by (you guessed it) knots in the string. You let out the string, and the faster the boat was traveling, the more knots passed over the side. So, by counting the knots over a specific time, say ten seconds, you could estimate boat speed through the water. 

Today, boats don’t typically carry knot logs. Instead, the modern equivalent is an electrical instrument with a spinning water wheel mounted in the hull. The tiny wheel spins faster as the boat travels faster and it sends the boat’s speed to the instruments. 

GPS also provides speed information by telling the captain their SOG (speed over the ground) and VMG (velocity made good). Speed over ground is usually about the same as the boat speed measured by the water wheel – except that SOG is measured across the earth’s surface. So if the boat is being affected by a 2-knot current in the opposite direction, the boat speed may indicate 6 knots while the SOG will show 4 knots. 

SOG is the most important speed for calculating trips because it is the actual speed you’re moving to get to Point B. Another way to describe this is VMG (velocity made good). This is the amount of your total speed that is getting you to your next waypoint or destination. If you’re tacking into the wind and not headed directly towards the finish line, your VMG will be significantly less than your SOG. 

There are three main types of boat hull – displacement, semi-displacement, and planing. 

Displacement

Displacement hulled vessels sit down low in the water. This is the classic ship—it just pushes the water out of the way to get where it’s going.

Displacement hulled vessels are limited in the speed at which they can travel. The faster they travel, the larger the bow wave they push up in front of them. The water is pushed up at the bow and then again at the stern. The difference between the bow and the stern waves creates a suction that only increases as power increases. That means that it’s very hard under most circumstances to go any faster.

This concept is known as the hull speed of a vessel—it’s a speed limit that the vessel cannot exceed. The only want to make a boat go faster is to increase the distance between the bow wave and the stern wave—another way of saying that the only want to build a faster boat is to build a longer boat. 

Nearly all monohull sailboats have displacement hulls. A displacement hulled vessel may not move very fast, but it is very efficient and takes very little power for its given weight. 

Semi-Displacement

If a boat is designed to do it, it can be pushed fast enough to sit up on top of its bow wave. It’s still sitting low in the water, but it can surf that wave just a little and break the stern wave’s suction. This takes an awful lot of power—more than most sailboats can muster—but it is commonly used in large trawlers and powerboats.

Finally, if a boat has a sleek, flat-bottomed hull and enough power, it can blast over the top of the bow wave and ride on top of the water. This is what go-fast boats and many fishing boats do, along with high-powered dinghies and ski boats. 

It takes an enormous amount of power to get a boat on plane, and the amount of power goes up as the vessel’s weight goes up.

The formula for figuring out the hull speed of a displacement hull in knots is 1.34 times the square root of the vessel’s waterline length in feet – or HS=1.34*√LWL.

If math isn’t your thing, here’s an online calculator . If you crunch some numbers, here are some examples you might come up with. 

• 20 feet LWL, 6.9 knots
• 30 feet LWL, 8.4 knots
• 40 feet LWL, 9.8 knots
• 50 feet LWL, 10.9 knots
• 60 feet LWL, 11.9 knots

It is important to remember that the length at the waterline (LWL) is typically less than the length overall (LOA). Therefore, if a vessel has long overhangs, waterline length is reduced. 

For the typical monohull sailboat, the hull speed represents the upper end of its performance. But there are plenty of other factors, and getting up to the speed happens much faster for some vessels than it does for others.

Amount of Wind

If a sailboat is trying to sail, but there is no wind—there’s very little chance of it getting to its hull speed. So one of the most significant factors affecting how quick a sailboat is is how well it sails in “light airs.” 

Most cruising sailboats can’t get up to their hull speed until the wind is at a steady 12 to 15 knots. As a general rule of thumb, most of these boats move at roughly half the true wind speed. So a wind of 15 knots moves a boat at about 7.5 knots, and if the wind is only 7 knots, it can typically only make 3.5 knots.

Point of Sail

Even then, they can only do it at certain points of sail. Most boats’ fastest point of sail is when the wind is “on the beam” or coming from the side. This is the most efficient aerodynamically for the sails to work. Sailing dead downwind is one of the least efficient.

Type of Sail Being Flown

Sailing in light winds requires light wind sails. These are typically larger than the boat’s regular cruising sails and made from lighter, more efficient fabric. 

Most people are familiar with the spinnaker used for downwind sailing. These large and colorful sails are built out of lightweight material so that a light wind can fill them easily. They can be huge, enough to move a heavy boat in light winds. There are also Code Zeros and gennakers, each of which is a different type of light air sail designed to help boats go faster on calm days.

These sails don’t make the boat go faster, per se. Because they’re built light, you can’t safely fly them with an apparent wind speed over about 15 knots. So what they do is allow a boat to sail when there isn’t enough wind for their regular sails to work.

Amount of Drag

Skin-friction drag comes from the water flowing over the hull. If the bottom of a boat is allowed to become fouled with barnacles and marine growth, it will create more drag. That means that it will be slower than a boat with a perfectly smooth bottom. 

There are also other sources of drag to think about. For example, many sailors replace their standard propellers with feathering or folding ones, which produce less drag while sailing.

Rough seas are a fast boat’s worst enemy. The action of pounding through lump seas causes the boat’s speed to stop and start, and as a result, it will have difficulty maintaining a fast speed. In these cases, the average speed is used for planning purposes because the speed climbing “uphill” will be slow while the speed surfing down waves will be ridiculously fast. 

We already know that one way to go faster is to buy a longer boat. So how else can the speed of a boat be made faster? Here are three ways.

Modern Hull Designs

Old-school designs typically had larger underwater profiles like full-keel designs. Compared to modern race-inspired boats, which feature spade rudders and deep fin keels, the shape of these boats creates much more drag. The result is that modern designs sail faster in light winds. 

Another factor that affects the speed of a boat is the shape of the hull itself, not just the keel. The deeper a hull is, the harder it is to get it to push over the bow wave, even a little bit. As a result, a flat and shallow bottomed sailboat can surf down waves and skip over its bow wave, given enough wind. 

It’s this simple design philosophy that has so affected cruising sailboat design over the last few decades. As a result, most cruising boats have become mirrors of racing boats from years past—round, flat bottoms and fin keels. 

Most cruising multihulls are displacement hulls like monohull sailboats, yet they can often sail much faster than their hull speeds. Why? They take advantage of a tiny loophole in the rules.

Multihulls use very narrow hulls, which can often cruise at speeds much faster than your standard displacement hull. For example, a catamaran can usually sail 20 or 30 percent faster than a monohull of the same size. 

Catamarans and trimarans also go fast by being lightweight. It takes less power to move a lighter object, so they can move much faster in light winds by keeping these boats light. In addition, multihulls do not require lead or iron ballast for stability as monohulls do. 

If built for performance, their structures and hulls are commonly made from high-tech materials like carbon fiber. Where monohull cruisers load their boats down with gear and supplies, multihull owners are typically much more careful about the weight they carry on board if they want to maintain their speed advantage.

Foiling Sailboats

The latest trend in the world of sailboat racing is the foil. These boats, both monohulls and multihulls, use underwater wings called hydrofoils to raise the hulls completely out of the water. Once “flying” on the foil, they are no longer bound by standard boating physics. 

For example, in the 2020 America’s Cup yacht races, foiling monohulls were used. The AC75 Class race boats are 75 feet long and able to reach speeds of over 50 knots. These new technologies make it possible to sail at up to three times the true wind speed. 

Matt has been boating around Florida for over 25 years in everything from small powerboats to large cruising catamarans. He currently lives aboard a 38-foot Cabo Rico sailboat with his wife Lucy and adventure dog Chelsea. Together, they cruise between winters in The Bahamas and summers in the Chesapeake Bay.

Average Boat Speeds: Sailboat, Pontoon, & Cruiser

If you’re thinking about getting a boat and have a need for speed, this post is for you! What’s the average speed of a boat? Listed below are the average and top speeds for three of the most common boat types: sailboat, cruiser, and pontoon.

The fastest boat speed recorded was 317.6 mph (511 km/h). A jet engine (rather than a propeller) was utilized to power a speedboat in 1978.

Cigarette boats, often known as rum-runners, were motorboats designed for quick travel in the past. The slender-shaped boats could reach speeds of 90 mph in flat and calm waters.

This isn’t your typical boat speed. Rum-runners were given an extra speed boost to help them evade everyone while carrying out their smuggling operations.

Read on to know the average boat speeds, including the top boat speeds of sailboats, cruisers, and pontoons.

Need for Speed

A speedy boat ride is the best way to get your adrenaline pumping. If you’re going to use a boat for water activities that need speed, you’ll need to know how fast it can go. Water skiing, tubing, long-distance travel, or simply taking your friends or family on a thrilling fast ride are all activities that require speed.

Boats that pull water skiers go at speeds ranging from 10 to 35 miles per hour. For beginner water skiers, a boat speed of 10 mph is recommended. Experienced water skiers participating in water events, such as jumps or slaloms, should use a higher speed of 35 miles per hour.

Because of the varying speeds, we can see that average boat speeds are determined by the action. If you wish to cruise around calm waters, a boat with a top speed of 15 mph is ideal.

The idea is to find a balance between fuel economy and speed. In general, a faster boat consumes more fuel than a slower one. So, if you’re looking to buy a fast boat, keep that in mind.

Factors Affecting Boat Speed

The most important determinants of boat speed are the hull type and length. When less of a boat’s body is submerged in water, it is more likely to move faster. A speedier boat is one that is longer.

I’ll go through three of the most important factors that influence boat speed, and they are:

Length of Boat

Wind speed & direction.

Hull speed is influenced by the length of the boat. A faster boat is one that is longer. For boats, this is a rule of thumb.

The following are the maximum hull speeds for various boat lengths:

A sailboat with a monohull or displacement hull will be able to go at standard speeds of 4.5mph to 7mph or 4-6 knots. Using a planing hull, however, will allow it to cruise at incredible speeds of 35 to 58mph (30-50 knots) or 55-92kmh. Racing sailboats’ planing hulls are a major factor in their remarkable speeds.

Another important aspect that affects your average boat speed is the wind speed and direction. Of course, this is pretty important for sailboats. If you wish to sail across the ocean in a sailboat, you must consider these factors. When sailing, you also want a favorable current and to be downwind as much as possible.

Sailboat, Cruiser, & Pontoon Average and Top Boat Speeds

Sailboat average boat speed.

Harnessing the wind is a crucial ability for moving a sailboat quickly. The average cruising speed of a sailboat is between 8 and 12 miles per hour. Sailboats, on the other hand, can reach higher speeds, such as the world record speed of almost 75 mph set in 2012.

What was the top speed of early sailboats? Ships sailing in the 15th century, such as Columbus’ ship, had an average cruising speed of 4 knots and a top speed of 8 knots, according to records. When converted to miles, that sailing pace would be between 4 and 9 miles per hour.

Take a look at this 2012 sailboat speed record:

Pontoon Boat Average Boat Speed

A pontoon boat is capable of reaching very high speeds, making it more than simply a leisurely cruise on a lake.

A pontoon may reach speeds of more than 30 mph under the right conditions. If a pontoon has a larger engine and the conditions are ideal, it can even reach 35 mph.

A pontoon with a 90 horsepower motor, for example, can easily reach speeds of more than 30 mph. When a 60 horsepower engine is combined with a 20-foot pontoon, the maximum speed is around 15 miles per hour.

Placing a 90HP engine on a pontoon, on the other hand, can propel it to a top speed of roughly 25mph, even when loaded with a few passengers.

Here’s an example of a pontoon boat traveling much faster than usual:

Cruiser Average Boat Speed

The top boat for families in the U.S. is a cruiser-style motorboat with a reasonable price range.

A cruiser’s slowest cruising speed is roughly 16 mph. Cruisers, on the other hand, are notable for their fuel efficiency. A cruiser can travel more than 800 miles without refueling when cruising at modest speeds.

A sport fisher is a form of cruiser that is faster. It has been known to reach high speeds of over 50 miles per hour and a comfortable cruising speed of around 30 miles per hour.

When taking a trip that may take several days, a larger motorboat is the best option. Larger cruisers can comfortably go at speeds of around 30 miles per hour.

Standard Boat Speeds: Fuel Use

Traveling quickly on a motorboat is usually exciting and enjoyable. However, the cost of fuel can burn a hole in your wallet.

For example, a 24-foot speedboat cruising at 7 mph will consume around 3 gallons of fuel every hour. A cruising speed of 15 miles per hour will now consume 7 gallons per hour.

When you increase the speed to 30 mph, the fuel consumption rises to 11 gallons per hour! Even so, 24-foot motorboats may reach speeds of more than 45 miles per hour.

There are fuel-efficient powerboat models that addressed the issue of motorboat fuel consumption. Even when traveling at leisurely speeds, these types of motorboats save fuel.

Laws  for Boat Speed

When driving on the road, you are aware of the allowable speed limit. Usually, the speed limit is posted on the side of the road. Boat speed regulation, on the other hand, is more difficult to define.

Boat speed limitations are not posted on beaches or along waterfronts. The reason is that several factors can affect the speed limit. The type of boat, the time, the waterway type, and other factors all have an effect.

Sailing in open water, such as an ocean, a large lake, or sea, with a clear view ahead of you, allows you to accelerate your boat. When traveling near a bay, shore, or river, however, you must travel at a slower speed.

But the “No Wake Zone” sign is the one to look out for. This sign is commonly found along the docks , near the shore, canals, and marinas. A boat should slowly move if it sees this sign. A swell can endanger swimmers, boaters, wildlife, and other boaters.

A wake can be seen if the speed is greater than 5 mph. This means that in “No Wake Zone” areas, you must be extra cautious with your speed.

This is a sensible guideline that ensures the safety of everyone on the water.

Conclusion – What Are the Average Boat Speeds? [Sailboat, Pontoon, Cruiser]

A sailboat’s, pontoon’s, and cruiser’s average boat speed are as follows:

Boats of different types travel at varying speeds. Current and wind conditions, for example, can have an impact on speed. The speed of a boat is also affected by its length. Larger boats also travel at a faster speed.

When it comes to long travels, the average speed of the boat is the first thing that boaters want to know. The major factors that impact a boat’s speed are its purpose and size. Larger and bulkier ships move more slowly than racing sailboats with sleek designs.

As previously mentioned, the longer the boat’s length, the faster it goes. Other important boat speed factors include the wind and the hull type. With that said, have fun speeding about on the water, but always remember to keep safety in mind.

• Post category: Maintenance and Boating
• Post author: Cameron Miller

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Fastest Cruising Sailboats

Last Updated by

Jacob Collier

August 30, 2022

If you're looking to buy a sailboat, getting a cruising sailboat may have crossed your mind. So, what are the fastest cruising sailboats out there?

Like everything else in life, not all sailboats are created equal. Cruising sailboats have a lot to offer if you are looking for a reliable boat that allows you to take a long getaway and is easy to navigate.

Some of the fastest cruising sailboats include the Beneteau Oceanis 30.1, which can travel at 20 knots; the Grand Soleil 34, which touches 20 knots; and the Italia 9.98, which can reach up to 40 knots. Of course, there are many other high-speed cruising sailboats that you can choose from.

If you love to cruise but still want to reach your destination fast, then a fast cruising sailboat will be your best option. After asking many sailing experts and cruising sailboat owners, we finally have the skinny on the fastest cruising sailboats.

As avid watersports enthusiasts and sailboat owners, we can help guide you through the process of choosing between some of the fastest cruising sailboats in the world.

Table of contents

‍ Fastest Cruising Sailboats

The boat you buy should be influenced by your local waters or where you plan to travel. Because many portions of the coastline are exposed to the ocean, if our coastal cruising grounds were in New England, we’d want our boat to be able to manage offshore conditions Due to the logs and debris floating about in the Pacific Northwest, we’d want a sturdy rudderpost and a shielded prop; a tall rig would be a godsend in the light airs that are common during summer. It would be pointless to buy a boat without a centerboard if I lived near the Florida Keys.

Because her cruising gear makes up lesser of the overall displacement than a bluewater liveaboard yacht, a coastal boat can be a relatively light design. However, going offshore does not require sacrificing sailing performance. The classic Valiant 40 by Bob Perry is a wonderful example. Its low displacement, strong sailing ability, and comfortable layout make it an excellent candidate for long-distance cruising; many other recent designs are the same.

Italia 9.98

Italia Yachts created the Italia 9.98 Fuoriserie, which won the ORC - C - 2015 World Championship. She is a racing yacht that may also be used for cruising. However, the design is intended to race and win, and the mast and boom are composed of carbon fiber. The interior features include two double bedrooms, two sleepers in the saloon, a kitchen, and a chart table.

The 34-foot Italia 9.98 was clearly the most striking of the five boats that made up the Performance Cruiser class in terms of pure look. The boat comes in two versions: the 34 Club, designed for cruising and is distinguished by its twin wheels, and the 34 Fuoriserie, designed for racing.

Both versions have the same interior, which is extremely welcoming and modern for cruising. A wide trimmed in a teak cutaway that can also be used as a ring frame lead to the spacious double-berth forward, which virtually beckons you to climb in and kick far back. The drop-leaf table, crossed by the keel-stepped spar, is flanked by two huge center settees.

The galley and the navigation station, located to port and starboard, are welcome surprises. The galley contains a huge fridge and a two-burner stove gimballed, while the navigation station is bigger than you could anticipate for a boat this size.

Innovative, detachable cloth lockers may be offloaded while in race mode. Cabin doors encased in metal for durability are among the many appealing touches to this vessel. There's a large double stateroom to port and a tiny double cabin to starboard. Except for some teak trim, all furnishings and fixtures are sleek, white composite constructions that appear more aeronautical than nautical. Overall, the entire design and aesthetics are very nice and contemporary.

The cockpit is roomy on the inside; the molded-in bench seats may be enlarged with specialized storage bins, which can be left at the dock for racing and reinstalled when cruising. A large lazarette locker is located aft of the beam-width traveler, which is located aft of the tiller.

The open transom gives the impression of being aboard a larger boat. The German-style double-ended mainsheet is led below deck, adding to the modern motif; sheet leads are, of course, changeable. The genuinely exceptional nonskid is molded into the deck.

The boat has an optional sprit that could be used to fly, reaching, and off-wind sails. Another version of the sprit incorporates an anchor roller; the boat we were on did not have a windlass, but one is available. It would be simple to adapt this boat from racing to cruising mode.

The Grand Soleil 34

When the Italian boatyard Grand Soleil was established in the 1970s, its first model was a 34-footer designed by Finot. It was an instant success, with over 300 units sold. It set the firm on the path to success that lasted decades, mainly with a succession of considerably bigger, more complicated racer/cruisers. The maker opted to go back to its origins with the Grand Soleil 34 for 2020, and it's a fantastic boat.

There are a few key rating criteria that racing boats compete under these days, plus a rising movement of doublehanded classes in several major regattas. Since conditions vary dramatically depending on where you plan to sail, the Grand Soleil 34 doubles as a cruiser. The need for a versatile vessel has been taken into account by Grand Soleil and is evident in its exquisite design. The Grand Soleil 34 does this by offering a variety of keel, rig, and deck options, allowing owners to tailor their boat to their specific location or events.

The shallower of the two keel choices, which is also the ideal cruising configuration, draws under 6 feet and is equipped with a lead bulb; a deeper 7-foot-2-inch foil is also available. A conventional aluminum stick or one of two alternative carbon spars are available as rig options. The boat has dual rudders and wheels, but you can alternatively have a single rudder with a tiller. The power unit on our variant was a 20 hp diesel with saildrive, which was an option. The boat design has the optional 30 hp diesel with saildrive, with a 20 hp auxiliary as standard.

The accommodations are essentially the same regardless of the performance package you choose. You still have options, though. In cruising mode, the open layout features a wide double berth in the bow, but while racing, you can remove the cushions and their base to transform the area into massive sail stowage. For competitive sailors concerned with keeping weight to a minimum, most of the oak furnishings and floors may be replaced with composite materials or even carbon.

A pair of settees flank a drop-leaf table in the middle of the boat, and there's a wide double cabin aft, to port, and a capacious head on the opposite starboard side, via which you can reach a large storage compartment beneath the cockpit seat. The great news is that there is also plenty of storage space for sailing.

Impression 45.1

The Elan Impression 45.1 now features a longer and broader cockpit, defined by dual wheels, a split cockpit table, and a folding sunbed, as inspired by the Elan GT5. A contemporary vertical transom was built, and two big cockpit storage boxes that may be furnished with a grill, sink, or refrigerator. Because of its hull design and recognizable deck saloon windows, the Impression 45.1 is light and airy. The saloon has a big settee that completely surrounds the table without blocking the path.

The galley has been moved forward to provide greater space for living and navigation. You also get solid iroko wood for the interior furniture material after months of testing because it was discovered to have the best endurance characteristics, a lovely traditional aesthetic, and an acceptable pricing point. The Elan Impression 45.1 will be offered with two cabin configurations, one for friends and family and the other for demanding charter parties.

Customers may now select between an open transom for a sportier look and a closed transom with a wide swim platform for safety and comfort. One of the more noticeable improvements is a new window, which illuminates the back cabins and adds to her instantly identifiable appearance.

It's no wonder that many would-be bluewater cruisers have this German Frers design on their wish list. The hull is well-built, featuring a sturdy masthead sloop sail plan—200-mile days are not out of the question—and the deck arrangement is ergonomically efficient. Belowdecks, no two boats are alike, thanks to the builders' willingness to experiment with layout and finish. The RS (Raised saloon) model expands on the already spacious interior. The new Hylas 56 has a similar streamlined hull. It is no wonder that its owners praise the boat's seakeeping and maneuverability.

With the Atlantic Rally for Cruisers, more Lagoons than any other brand of a catamaran have crossed

the Atlantic and more 440s have participated than any other Lagoon. It's simple to understand why

this yacht is so popular among visitors visiting the tropics. The saloon, the spacious cockpit, the broad trampoline forward, and the flybridge provide plenty of opportunities for the crew to have quiet time on passage or assemble for meals and socialize in port. The 440 is not a Sportster when it comes to

sailing, but it is capable of decent trip times while keeping its crew safe and comfortable.

The Meta 50' is a strong and comfortable long-distance cruising sailing yacht. This beachable twin-keel offshore sailing yacht has a 1.80m draught, lovely sunbathing places, and a garage big enough to fit the semi-rigid tender with an outboard motor.

This enormous sailing boat has two double bedrooms in the back, a spacious saloon with an open kitchen and panoramic views, a chart table, a bathroom, and a large owner's stateroom with a dressing room and separate bathroom. In the forepeak, a skipper's cabin with an attached bathroom is also available, which is just one of the many comforts on the Meta.

The Meta 50' is constructed of ultra-resistant prestressed Strongall aluminum and may be customized to meet your exact requirements. Thanks to the ballastable dual keel system, the TurboKeels version will have performance comparable to a 3.50m draught keelboat while simultaneously reducing the list by 15-20°.

Domani introduces the S30, a one-of-a-kind sailing experience that combines sportiness, elegance, and design in a single exquisite sports boat. Less is more, and free time is valuable; that is what you get with this cruiser. The design also uses a back-to-basics approach, with fewer components and less upkeep. It's all about disconnecting from shore power and sailing away in minutes. With electronic sail propulsion, it's light and green, and its manageable size makes it easy to carry or store.

Summer in the Fjords is unlike any other, as is summer in St Tropez. Explore new beaches and seas, meet new people, and expand your sailing horizons beyond the neighborhood harbor. Isn't it true that the goal of every journey is to learn something new? It is easy to see what the brand is all about. The Domani is about Gran Turismo-style sailing: quick, exciting, and elegant.

The Beneteau Oceanis 30.1

The Beneteau Oceanis 30.1, a 31-foot-3-inch tiny yacht that was best-equipped and spec'd out as a specialized cruising boat, was also given the title of Best Performance Cruiser for 2020. But don't be fooled by her modest internal amenities; she is a lively small ship.

The sail layout emphasizes power aloft with a single-spreader fractional number rig with a square-top main. Our test boat has an optional bowsprit and a lap-streak genoa; the normal version features a self-tacking 100 percent headsail. Although dual wheels make handling straightforward, old-school men (like me) can choose a tiller.

A boarding ladder and a small fold-down boarding step are included on the transom. Also, a Facnor headsail furler is stationed alongside the Lewmar windlass on the opposite end. The overall level of attention to detail is outstanding.

The adaptability of the 30.1 was a strong selling point for the judging panel. There are four keel variations, as well as a centerboard. A tabernacle may be added to the deck-stepped mast for simple lowering and trailering to a new location or navigating waterways. It was also the most affordable option in the category, at $160,000. The benefits just kept on coming.

The forward V-berth is undoubtedly spectacular, and the deck-stepped spar described before freed up the space below, especially in the center saloon and eating area. The entire galley is to port at the foot of the companionway, and the enclosed head is to starboard, where there is also a practical tiny navigation station. A large aft double cabin may also be found to starboard. This is an ideal solution for a small family or a couple of couples.

There's plenty of natural light below deck thanks to the coachroof windows, and overhead hatches, which are supplemented by energy-efficient LED lighting. The eye-catching hull decorations grab attention, and the well-executed dodger is an excellent spot to get out of the rain.

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Born into a family of sailing enthusiasts, words like “ballast” and “jibing” were often a part of dinner conversations. These days Jacob sails a Hallberg-Rassy 44, having covered almost 6000 NM. While he’s made several voyages, his favorite one is the trip from California to Hawaii as it was his first fully independent voyage.

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Sailboat Calculators

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The Sailboats Calculators below will enable you to calculate the main Sailboat Ratios, using data that you can retrieve from the Boat table or your own data.

We will be adding more calculators along the way and more in-depth explanations of how they work and what they can help you with., hopefully you will enjoy them and find them useful to search or understand the characteristics of your or any given sailboat ..

SA/D range of values

16 to 18 Heavy offshore cruisers 18 to 22 Medium cruisers 22 to 26 Inshore cruisers, racing boats 26 to 30+ Extreme racing boats

Ballast/Displacement:

A Ballast/Displacement ratio of 40 or more translates into a stiffer, more powerful boat that will be better able to stand up to the wind.

Displacement/Length:

The lower a boat’s Displacement/Length (LWL) ratio, the less power it takes to drive the boat to its nominal hull speed.

less than 100 = Ultralight;

100-200 = Light;

200-275 = Moderate;

275-350 = Heavy;

350+ = Ultraheavy;

Comfort Ratio:

This is a ratio created by Ted Brewer as a measure of motion comfort. It provides a reasonable comparison between yachts of similar size and type. It is based on the fact that the faster the motion the more upsetting it is to the average person. Consider, though, that the typical summertime coastal cruiser will rarely encounter the wind and seas that an ocean going yacht will meet.

Numbers below 20 indicate a lightweight racing boat;

20 to 30 indicates a coastal cruiser;

30 to 40 indicates a moderate bluewater cruising boat;

40 to 50 indicates a heavy bluewater boat ;

over 50 indicates an extremely heavy bluewater boat.

Comfort ratio = D ÷ (.65 x (.7 LWL + .3 LOA) x Beam^1.33), where displacement is expressed in pounds, and length is expressed in feet.

Capsize Screening Formula (CSF):

Designed to determine if a boat has blue water capability. The CSF compares beam with displacement since excess beam contributes to capsize and heavy displacement reduces capsize vulnerability. The boat is better suited for ocean passages (vs coastal cruising) if the result of the calculation is 2.0 or less. The lower the better.

Hull Speed Calculator

Hull speed calculator is a simple calculator that determines a vessel’s hull speed based on the length of the vessel’s waterline.

Boat Speed Calculator

The boat speed calculator calculates the top speed of a boat based on the boat’s power and her displacement. If you try to understand how fast a boat can go, this calculator will help you answer that. The boat speed calculator utilizes a constant known as Crouch constant which differs based on the type of the boat.  

FOR MULTIHULLS ONLY:

Bn – bruce number:.

The Bruce Number is a power-to-weight ratio for relative speed potential for comparing two or more boats. It takes into consideration the displacement and sail area of main and jib. 100% fore-triangle only, no overlapping sails.

Chris White, “The Cruising Multihull”, (International Marine, Camden, Maine, 1997), states that a boat with a BN of less than 1.3 will be slow in light winds. A boat with a BN of 1.6 or greater is a boat that will be reefed often in offshore cruising.

Derek Harvey, “Multihulls for Cruising and Racing”, International Marine, Camden, Maine, 1991, states that a BN of 1 is generally accepted as the dividing line between so-called slow and fast multihulls.

BN = SA^0.5/(Disp. in pounds)^.333

Kelsall Sailing Performance (KSP):

Another measure of relative speed potential of a boat. It takes into consideration “reported” sail area, displacement and length at waterline. The higher the number the faster speed prediction for the boat. A cat with a number 0.6 is likely to sail 6kts in 10kts wind, a cat with a number of 0.7 is likely to sail at 7kts in 10kts wind.

KSP = (Lwl*SA÷D)^0.5*.05

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As a boater, you may wonder what the optimal cruising speed for your boat is. The answer to this question can vary based on a number of factors, including your boat’s design, your boating location, and your personal preferences.

In general, the optimal cruising speed for a boat is the speed at which it can travel the most efficiently. This means that the boat is moving at a speed that allows it to cover the most distance while using the least amount of fuel. For many boats, this speed is typically between 20-30 knots, depending on the type of boat.

Factors such as wind and current can affect your boat’s optimal cruising speed. If you’re boating in rough seas or high winds, you may need to slow down to maintain control of the boat. If you’re boating in calm waters with little wind or current, you may be able to increase your cruising speed and cover more ground in less time.

Boat design is also an important factor to consider when determining your boat’s optimal cruising speed. Boats that are designed for speed, such as racing boats or high-performance boats, may have a higher optimal cruising speed than boats that are designed for comfort, such as luxury yachts.

Your personal preferences can also play a role in determining your boat’s optimal cruising speed. Some boaters prefer to cruise at a slower speed to enjoy the scenery and take in the sights, while others prefer to travel at a faster speed to get to their destination more quickly.

Ultimately, the best way to determine your boat’s optimal cruising speed is to experiment with different speeds and track your fuel efficiency. By recording how much fuel you use at different speeds, you can identify the speed at which your boat can travel the most efficiently and save money on fuel costs.

The optimal cruising speed of a boat can vary based on a number of factors, but in general, it is the speed at which the boat can travel the most efficiently. Factors such as wind and current, boat design, and personal preferences can all affect your optimal cruising speed, so it’s important to experiment with different speeds and track your fuel efficiency to determine the best speed for your boat.

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cruising and top speed

• Thread starter gestut1
• Start date Apr 5, 2011

Seaman Apprentice

• Apr 5, 2011

Hoe does one figure out the top speed and best crusing speed/rpm, time to plane, 0-30 etc for a boat as i cannot find any numbers. i will have a 2011 monterey 204 fs with merc 4.3 mpi/220 hp with alpha 1.  

Snobike Mike

Petty officer 1st class.

Re: cruising and top speed Boattest dot com probably has a full write up on your boat.  

Snobike Mike said: Boattest dot com probably has a full write up on your boat. Click to expand...

Senior Chief Petty Officer

Re: cruising and top speed Very good question. Short of finding the info online or installing a fuel flow monitor and gps, I'm not sure there is a good answer for most economical cruising speed.  

Home Cookin'

Fleet admiral.

Re: cruising and top speed just listen for that sweet spot. every boat has one  

Home Cookin' said: just listen for that sweet spot. every boat has one Click to expand...

smallboatlover

Re: cruising and top speed well for me cruising speed it top speed because i want faster. but i will find my cruising speed this year.  

Mischief Managed

Lieutenant commander.

Re: cruising and top speed Cruising speed is mostly dictated by engine RPM. That motor will be singing nicely at 3200 to 3500 RPM which will put it right at it's best volumetric efficiency and likely have the boat cleanly on-plane. More than that and you'll be pushing it past its sweet spot and using more gas. Less, you'll probably be using a lot more gas.  

dsiekman said: You mean when the kids stop yelling, "faster! faster!" and the wife hasn't given the "you're going too @#$ fast, SLOW DOWN!" look? That sound??? Click to expand...

26aftcab454

Mischief Managed said: Cruising speed is mostly dictated by engine RPM. That motor will be singing nicely at 3200 to 3500 RPM which will put it right at it's best volumetric efficiency and likely have the boat cleanly on-plane. More than that and you'll be pushing it past its sweet spot and using more gas. Less, you'll probably be using a lot more gas. Click to expand...

Vice Admiral

Mischief Managed said: Cruising speed is mostly dictated by engine RPM. That motor will be singing nicely at 3200 to 3500 RPM which will put it right at it's best volumetric efficiency Click to expand...

Rear Admiral

Re: cruising and top speed Max RPM is 4400-4800 RPM. You should select a prop that allows you to obtain that range and this will be your maximum speed. Cruise speed is usually considered to be 1/2 to 2/3 of max speed for pleasure boats. For instance a bass boat might reach a top speed of 70 mph with a cruise speed of 35. Pleasure boats typically have top speeds in the 40-45mph range and cruise nicely at 28-32 mph. Typically you want your engine to be running at the peak of the power arc at cruise speed. This will produce the least amount of stress on the engine and provide good fuel economy. I'll guess but I think your peak should be around 3400 rpm. Edit: I wasn't too far off on my guess.. Check out this link : http://www.mercurymarine.com/engines/engine-tests/mercruiser/  

Re: cruising and top speed Best cruising speed/rpm will depend on the whole boat combo, from the hull, weight, engine output, prop ratio, outdrive ratio, etc. For most smaller pleasure boats, a light cruising speed is as little throttle as you have to apply to stay nicely on plane. Some boats can stay on plane with little throttle and at fairly low speeds, others can not. From that point on up, some boats really go down in mpg when you start pressing the throttle where others don't. Really depends on the whole combo and the only real way to find out for yourself is with a fuel flow gauge. There are calculators like this one you can use to figure out top speed and rpm at cruise, etc but you have to guess as to what prop slip % is. http://www.go-fast.com/Prop_Slip_Calculator.htm  

Sharp Shooter

Re: cruising and top speed My pleasure boat doesn't really have a quote on quote best cruising speed. lol And the best way to figure out top speed is take a GPS so you can eliminate the speculation.  

• Apr 6, 2011

smokingcrater said: might be confusing terms... For best volumetric efficiency, you need 100% wide open throttle. Its a ratio of how much air is going into your engine, vs theoritical max amount based on displacement. (a 5.7l engine sucking in 5.7l of air is 100% volumetric efficient, which is essentially impossible without a turbo or some really clever tricks of the intake, which are only good at very specific RPM's) A throttle plate destroys volumetric efficiency, that is its purpose, to throttle the engine. In terms of VE, the absolute best engine is one that runs at 100% output all the time, and doesn't even have a throttle plate in the way to slow down the air. That is the reason VE isn't generally talked about in terms of economy, because you generally don't have the luxury of sizing an engine perfectly to the load. In most real world applications you need a throttle plate. The OP's engine is maybe around 30% VE at partial throttle steady state 3200 rpm, and maybe 85% VE at WOT max rpms. Click to expand...

Re: cruising and top speed Actually, I have noticed that with my setup - twin TBI 5.0's - 3200 gives a fairly dull hum. Around 34-3500 she starts to have a little more pronounced whine (I like it!). Beyond that she starts to scream and I swear you can see the fuel gauge dropping. She likes to be ridden hard, just not too hard. 3200 gives me around 30 knts. At 3500 I'm too busy keeping an eye on the wife to notice the speed as I slowly ease the throttles up!  

• Apr 9, 2011

sschefer said: Max RPM is 4400-4800 RPM. You should select a prop that allows you to obtain that range and this will be your maximum speed. Cruise speed is usually considered to be 1/2 to 2/3 of max speed for pleasure boats. For instance a bass boat might reach a top speed of 70 mph with a cruise speed of 35. Pleasure boats typically have top speeds in the 40-45mph range and cruise nicely at 28-32 mph. Typically you want your engine to be running at the peak of the power arc at cruise speed. This will produce the least amount of stress on the engine and provide good fuel economy. I'll guess but I think your peak should be around 3400 rpm. Edit: I wasn't too far off on my guess.. Check out this link : http://www.mercurymarine.com/engines/engine-tests/mercruiser/ Click to expand...

Supreme Mariner

Re: cruising and top speed While I agree these engines are typically efficient in that RPM range, and so are most runabouts, I believe it is more about hull efficiency than engine efficiency. The RPM just happens to line up around that same hull "sweet spot" Look at heavy cruisers and they tend to be more efficient closer to 4000 RPM, and fast rides sometimes at 2500. Almost always this is around 25 - 35 MPH. Cruiser example Go Fast Example  

• Apr 10, 2011

Re: cruising and top speed V-hull I/O's typically like to cruise in the 25-30mph range. Faster than minimum planing speed and able to a little more hull out of the water, but not so fast that you are pushing the "wall". My 18' with 4.3 4bbl was happiest just over 30mph @ 3300-3500RPM.  

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1986 4.3L OMC V6 what HP at 3000rpm?

Discussion in ' Gas Engines ' started by Tom Laman , Apr 23, 2017 .

Tom Laman Tom Laman

I have a 1986 4.3L OMC V6 engine I have adapted to inboard and need to know what HP at 3000rpm is develops does anyone know what that is. It is needed to design the prop. Thanks for any info.  

ondarvr Senior Member

The prop would be chosen by running the boat and achieving peak RPM's with a typical load.  

Mr Efficiency Senior Member

You mean select the prop ? What HP is being developed at 3000rpm would depend on what load was applied, and the throttle setting. Presumably you could work out a suitable prop size by noting the original sterndrive prop size and gear ratio, and compare that with your inboard gear ratio and consult some tables. Assuming the engine is in the same boat.  

gonzo Senior Member

The 4.3 is rated to 4400-4800 RPM not 3000. Google "4.3 omc engine torque hp graph" and you'll get the information.  

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Barry Senior Member

Attached is a graph from Edelbrock of a Mercruiser 200hp 4.3 litre, naturally aspirated V-6 At 3000 rpm the engine is able to put out a max of 150 hp but Mercruisers owners information suggests propping the engine so that it turns between 4,400 to 4,800 rpm at wide open throttle. Ie the engine is producing 200 hp. Ie you do select a prop that will absorb what the engine can provide at max at 3,000 rpm, the engine will never attain the 4,400 rpm threshold. (except perhaps on acceleration due to cavitation on start up) The prop horsepower absorption and the engine effective output only reach the horsepower curve once, and that will be at WOT for whatever prop you choose. The prop horsepower requirements will be below the max horsepower curve to this point The main reason that you do not want to run the engine at any point on the MAX horsepower line on the graph is that this is normally an extremely poor power fuel consumption spot. Ie say you want to cruise and use 150 horsepower. If you look at the graph, this engine will produce 150 horsepower from 3000 up to 5500 rpm and there will be a spot where the fuel efficiency, (efficiency in this case defined as the amount of fuel to produce 150 hp), is optimum Ie the least amount of fuel used to provide 150 horsepower into the prop. I would check out the Boattest website to look for boats similar to yours, to see what props that they used to attain mercruisers 4400 - 4800 rpm target range and the appropriate propeller. Of course you need to find one that has the same gear ratio, as what ever you are going to use. Or I believe that Michigan Wheel, has a prop calculator that you can provide info and gear ratio, size of prop, rpm etc and come up with an appropriate prop  

Attached Files:

1986 OMC cobre 4.3l will not go over 3000 rpms

Replacing a OMC 800 with a OMC Cobra

OMC 4.3 to 5.0 swap?

OMC sterndrive wont steer

1980 IMP Kansa 27ft OMC 260 motors, 800 series outdrives - chevy or ford?

1982 Glastron Carlson OMC to LS1 SWAP

1st post TOTAL newb, OMC 4.3 Q's...

need advice for 89 cobra omc 5.0 exhaust

OMC Stringer YaY!

350 V8 OMC 1987 (Chevy) engine

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Watch CBS News

Largest cocaine shipment of the year seized in Colombian Caribbean after high-speed boat chase

By Stephen Smith

Updated on: March 27, 2024 / 7:27 AM EDT / CBS News

Authorities have announced the largest cocaine shipment  seizure of the year in the Caribbean Sea off Colombia after military ships and planes chased down a speedboat holding almost four tons of the drug.

In a joint operation between the Colombian Navy, the Colombian Air Force and the Joint Interagency Task Force of the United States Southern Command, authorities seized the cocaine — said to be worth more than $113 million — from the vessel near San Andrés Isla,  according to  the Colombian Navy. The navy released dramatic aerial video of the chase, during which it said the crew of the suspicious vessel "began evasive actions, throwing packages into the water."

After a chase that spanned several miles, the boat — which was covering its cargo in a blue tarp — was finally intercepted, the officials said. Three Colombians, one Honduran and one Venezuelan who had been on board the speedboat were detained, and subsequent testing confirmed that the boat had been carrying 3,355 kilograms of cocaine weighing, or about 3.7 tons of the drug.

🚨 En una operación junto a la @FuerzaAereaCol y JIATFS de EEUU 🇺🇲 logramos incautar más de 3.3 toneladas de clorhidrato de cocaína que eran transportadas en una embarcación tipo Go fast en #SanAndrés Isla. 🚨 https://t.co/sOjRPdHVAF ⬅️ #ContundenciaOperacional pic.twitter.com/UoSdcSDdMH — Armada de Colombia (@ArmadaColombia) March 26, 2024

Navy video showed officers offloading and arranging hundreds of packages of the seized cocaine, which officials said amounted to more than eight million doses that would "not reach the streets of different countries, thus avoiding the impact on public health."

The drugs, boat and five suspects were turned over to the Attorney General's Office, the navy said.

The Colombia-U.S. operation in the Caribbean Sea came just days after officials announced that a British warship and an American patrol aircraft had  chased down a speedboat as its crew tried to flee and dump another cargo of drugs into the water near the U.S. Virgin Islands.  About three tons of cocaine and other drugs were seized, the U.K.'s Ministry of Defense said.

Drug busts off the shores of Colombia are also common.

Just last month, authorities on a search-and-rescue mission for two missing fishermen off Colombia's Pacific coast instead found a semi-submersible vessel  loaded with more than four tons of cocaine, officials said. The so-called  "narco sub"  was intercepted during a joint operation by the Colombian and Ecuadorian navies and the Colombian Air Force, the Colombian Navy said.

Colombia  produces  about 60% of the cocaine found in the world. 

Stephen Smith is a senior editor for CBSNews.com.

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1981 32’ Bayliner Command Bridge Explorer 3270. Boat sat through pandemic and is currently not running. Ran strong prior. Possibly seized. All other s... View Details

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Cruise ship stuck in Spain will resume sailing after Bolivian passengers with visa problems removed

Spanish authorities say a cruise ship stuck in the northeastern port of Barcelona will be able to resume its route after a group of Bolivian passengers with visa problems were taken off the vessel

MADRID -- A cruise ship stuck in the northeastern Spanish port of Barcelona will be able to resume its route after a group of Bolivian passengers with visa problems were taken off the vessel on Thursday, authorities said.

The Spanish government said in a statement it had reached an agreement with MSC Cruises Company in which 69 Bolivian passengers were removed from the boat and taken to a transit zone in the port, but were not granted permission to enter Spanish territory.

The ship got stranded in Barcelona this week after the Bolivian passengers were not allowed to disembark because they lacked valid documents to enter the European border-free Schengen area, an ID-check-free travel zone comprising 29 European countries that Spain is part of.

Barcelona was meant to be the final destination for the Bolivian passengers, but the boat was scheduled to travel onward to other countries.

The cruise company agreed to provide another boat from Livorno, Italy , for the Bolivian passengers later Thursday, the government statement said. It was not clear if that boat would remain in Barcelona until the situation is resolved or take the Bolivian passengers elsewhere.

Under the agreement, MSC Cruises will also provide food and health care for the impacted Bolivians and immigration officials will work to resolve the passengers' visa problems as quickly as possible, it added.

The MSC Armonia, with more than 1,000 passengers reportedly on board, plans to sail to Italy on Thursday, the cruise company said.

Solange Duarte, a Bolivian diplomat in Barcelona, told The Associated Press on Wednesday she had received reports that some of the stranded Bolivians had been duped into obtaining fake visas but had no further information.

“We have asked the families to indicate who has processed this visa and we have not gotten answers,” she said.

Spain’s national police were looking into the possibility of a fake visa scam, Duarte said.

MSC Cruises said in a statement Wednesday the Bolivian “passengers appeared to have proper documentation upon boarding in Brazil" but Spanish authorities later said the visas were not valid for entry into the Schengen area.

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ABC News Live

24/7 coverage of breaking news and live events

What we know about Baltimore’s Francis Scott Key Bridge collapse

The Francis Scott Key Bridge in Baltimore collapsed early Tuesday after being hit by a cargo ship, with large parts of the bridge falling into the Patapsco River.

At least eight people fell into the water, members of a construction crew working on the bridge at the time, officials said. Two were rescued, one uninjured and one in serious condition, and two bodies were recovered on Wednesday. The remaining four are presumed dead. The workers are believed to be the only victims in the disaster.

Here’s what we know so far.

Baltimore bridge collapse

How it happened: Baltimore’s Francis Scott Key Bridge collapsed after being hit by a cargo ship . The container ship lost power shortly before hitting the bridge, Maryland Gov. Wes Moore (D) said. Video shows the bridge collapse in under 40 seconds.

Victims: Divers have recovered the bodies of two construction workers , officials said. They were fathers, husbands and hard workers . A mayday call from the ship prompted first responders to shut down traffic on the four-lane bridge, saving lives.

Economic impact: The collapse of the bridge severed ocean links to the Port of Baltimore, which provides about 20,000 jobs to the area . See how the collapse will disrupt the supply of cars, coal and other goods .

Rebuilding: The bridge, built in the 1970s , will probably take years and cost hundreds of millions of dollars to rebuild , experts said.

• Baltimore bridge collapse: Crane arrives at crash site to aid cleanup March 29, 2024 Baltimore bridge collapse: Crane arrives at crash site to aid cleanup March 29, 2024
• Wes Moore envisioned economic revival. Then the Key Bridge collapsed. April 1, 2024 Wes Moore envisioned economic revival. Then the Key Bridge collapsed. April 1, 2024
• Officials studied Baltimore bridge risks but didn’t prepare for ship strike March 29, 2024 Officials studied Baltimore bridge risks but didn’t prepare for ship strike March 29, 2024

Advertisement

How the Key Bridge Collapsed in Baltimore: Maps and Photos

By Weiyi Cai ,  Agnes Chang ,  Lauren Leatherby ,  Lazaro Gamio ,  Leanne Abraham and Scott Reinhard

On Tuesday, a major bridge in Baltimore collapsed into the water seconds after it was struck by a cargo ship, sending vehicles on the bridge into the river below. The ship lost power and issued a mayday call shortly before it hit the bridge.

The ship, a 948-foot-long cargo vessel called Dali, was about a half hour into its journey toward Colombo, Sri Lanka, when it hit a main pillar of the bridge. All crew members are safe, according to the ship’s owners.

Follow our live coverage .

A mayday call from the ship gave officials enough time to stop traffic at both ends of the bridge. The waters where the bridge collapsed are about 50 feet deep. By Tuesday morning, six construction workers who had been fixing potholes on the bridge remained missing as divers and other emergency workers on boats and helicopters continued to search for them. Two others had been rescued, and one was in the hospital.

Francis Scott

Patapsco River

The ship left the Port

of Baltimore around

1 a.m. on Tuesday.

Where impact occurred

Direction of the ship

The ship hit the

bridge at 1:28 a.m.

The ship hit the bridge at 1:28 a.m.

Where impact

Source: Spire Global

The New York Times; satellite image by Google Earth

The lights of the ship flickered on and off as it lost power in the minutes before the ship changed bearing and hit the bridge.

Ship approached from

the Port of Baltimore

Road repair crews

Ship changed heading

as it neared pillar

Ship hit pillar

Southern and central spans

of bridge began to collapse within

seconds of impact

Northern span began to

collapse seconds later

Within 30 seconds of impact,

the central part of bridge had

entirely collapsed.

Source: StreamTime Live via YouTube

Timestamps are from StreamTime Live video.

The New York Times

The Francis Scott Key Bridge was opened in 1977 and carried more than 12.4 million vehicles last year. The bridge was one of the three major ways to cross the Patapsco River and formed part of Baltimore’s beltway.

The Port of Baltimore is a major trade hub that handled a record amount of foreign cargo last year. It is an especially important destination — the nation’s largest by volume last year — for deliveries of cars and light trucks.

Ship impact

To Chesapeake Bay

Sources: Maryland Port Administration, OpenStreetMap, MarineTraffic

Note: Ship positions are as of 2:46 p.m. Eastern time.

Overall, Baltimore was the 17th biggest port in the United States in 2021, ranked by total tons, according to the Bureau of Transportation Statistics. The bridge collapse brought marine traffic there to a standstill, with seven cargo or tanker ships stranded in the harbor as of Tuesday afternoon.

Gov. Wes Moore declared a state of emergency for Maryland and said that his office was in close communication with Pete Buttigieg, the U.S. transportation secretary. The White House issued a statement saying that President Biden had been briefed on the collapse.

Erin Schaff/The New York Times

• Share full article

Six presumed dead after cargo ship crash levels Baltimore bridge

BALTIMORE — A major Baltimore bridge collapsed like a house of cards early Tuesday after it was struck by a container ship, sending six people to their deaths in the dark waters below, and closing one of the country’s busiest ports.

By nightfall, the desperate search for six people who were working on the bridge and vanished when it fell apart had become a grim search for bodies.

“We do not believe that we’re going to find any of these individuals still alive,” Coast Guard Rear Admiral Shannon N. Gilreath said.

Jeffrey Pritzker, executive vice president of Brawner Builders, said earlier that one of his workers had survived. He did not release their names.

Up until then, Maryland Gov. Wes Moore had held out hope that the missing people might be found even as law enforcement warned that the frigid water and the fact that there had been no sign of them since 1:30 a.m. when the ship struck Francis Scott Key Bridge.

Moore expressed heartbreak after officials suspended the search for survivors.

"Our heart goes out to the families," he said. "I can’t imagine how painful today has been for these families, how painful these hours have been have been for these families."

It was a crushing blow to the loved ones of the missing men, who had waited for hours at a Royal Farms convenience store near the entrance of the bridge for word of their fate. 

Follow live updates on the Baltimore bridge collapse

The tragic chain of events began early Tuesday when the cargo ship Dali notified authorities that it had lost power and issued a mayday moments before the 984-foot vessel slammed into a bridge support at a speed of 8 knots, which is about 9 mph.

Moore declared a state of emergency while rescue crews using sonar detected at least five vehicles in the frigid 50-foot-deep water: three passenger cars, a cement truck and another vehicle of some kind. Authorities do not believe anyone was inside the vehicles.

Investigators quickly concluded that it was an accident and not an act of terrorism.

Ship was involved in another collision

Earlier, two people were rescued from the water, Baltimore Fire Chief James Wallace said. One was in good condition and refused treatment, he said. The other was seriously injured and was being treated in a trauma center.

Moore said other drivers might have been in the water had it not been for those who, upon hearing the mayday, blocked off the bridge and kept other vehicles from crossing.

“These people are heroes,” Moore said. “They saved lives.”

Nearly eight years ago, the Dali was involved in an accident. In July 2016, it struck a quay at the Port of Antwerp-Bruges in Belgium, damaging the quay.

The nautical commission investigated the accident, but the details of the inquiry were not immediately clear Tuesday.

The Dali is operated and managed by Synergy Group. In a statement, the company said that two port pilots were at the helm during Tuesday's crash and that all 22 crew members onboard were accounted for.

The Dali was chartered by the Danish shipping giant Maersk, which said it would have no choice but to send its ships to other nearby ports with the Port of Baltimore closed.

The bridge, which is about a mile and a half long and carries Interstate 695 over the Patapsco River southeast of Baltimore, was "fully up to code," Moore said.

National Transportation Safety Board Chairwoman Jennifer Homendy said that her agency will lead the investigation and that a data recorder on the ship could provide more information.

"But right now we're focusing on the people, on the families," she said. "The rest can wait."

President Joe Biden vowed to rebuild the bridge and send federal funds.

"This is going to take some time," the president warned. "The people of Baltimore can count on us though to stick with them, at every step of the way, till the port is reopened and the bridge is rebuilt."

Speaking in Baltimore, Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg echoed the president's promise.

"This is no ordinary bridge," he said. "This is one of the cathedrals of American infrastructure."

But Buttigieg warned that replacing the bridge and reopening the port will take time and money and that it could affect supply chains.

The Port of Baltimore, the 11th largest in the U.S., is the busiest port for car imports and exports, handling more than 750,000 vehicles in 2023 alone, according to data from the Maryland Port Administration.

Writer David Simon, a champion of Baltimore who set his TV crime drama "The Wire" on the streets of the city he once covered as a reporter, warned online that the people who will suffer the most are those whose livelihoods depend on the port.

"Thinking first of the people on the bridge," Simon posted on X . "But the mind wanders to a port city strangling. All the people who rely on ships in and out."

Timeline of crash

Dramatic video captured the moment at 1:28 a.m. Tuesday when the Dali struck a support and sent the bridge tumbling into the water. A livestream showed cars and trucks on the bridge just before the strike. The ship did not sink, and its lights remained on.

Investigators said in a timeline that the Dali's lights suddenly shut off four minutes earlier before they came back on and that then, at 1:25 a.m. dark black smoke began billowing from the ship's chimney.

A minute later, at 1:26 a.m., the ship appeared to turn. And in the minutes before it slammed into the support, the lights flickered again.

Maryland Transportation Secretary Paul Wiedefeld said the workers on the bridge were repairing concrete ducts when the ship crashed into the structure.

At least seven workers were pouring concrete to fix potholes on the roadway on the bridge directly above where the ship hit, said James Krutzfeldt, a foreman.

Earlier, the Coast Guard said it had received a report that a “motor vessel made impact with the bridge” and confirmed it was the Dali, a containership sailing under a Singaporean flag that was heading for Sri Lanka.

Bobby Haines, who lives in Dundalk in Baltimore County, said he felt the impact of the bridge collapse from his house nearby.

"I woke up at 1:30 this morning and my house shook, and I was freaking out," he said. "I thought it was an earthquake, and to find out it was a bridge is really, really scary."

Families of bridge workers wait for updates

Earlier in the day, relatives of the construction crew waited for updates on their loved ones.

Marian Del Carmen Castellon told Telemundo her husband, Miguel Luna, 49, was working on the bridge.

“They only tell us that we have to wait and that they can’t give us information,” she said.

Castellon said she was "devastated, devastated because our heart is broken, because we don’t know how they have been rescued yet. We are just waiting for the news."

Luna's co-worker Jesús Campos said he felt crushed, too.

“It hurts my heart to see what is happening. We are human beings, and they are my folks,” he said.

Campos told The Baltimore Banner that the missing men are from El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Mexico.

Active search and rescue ends

The Coast Guard said it was suspending the active search-and-rescue effort at 7:30 p.m. Tuesday.

"Coast Guard’s not going away, none of our partners are going away, but we’re just going to transition into a different phase," Gilreath said at a news conference.

Maryland State Police Superintendent Roland L. Butler, Jr., said it was moving to a recovery operation. Changing conditions have made it dangerous for divers, he said. 

Butler pledged to "do our very best to recover those six missing people," but the conditions are difficult.

"If we look at how challenging it is at a simple motor vehicle crash to extract an individual, I'm sure we can all imagine how much harder it is to do it in inclement weather, when it's cold, under the water, with very limited to no visibility," he said.

"There's a tremendous amount of debris in the water," which can include sharp metal and other hazards, and that could take time, Butler said.

'A long road in front of us'

Built in 1977 and referred to locally as the Key Bridge, the structure was later named after the author of the American national anthem.

The bridge is more than 8,500 feet long, or 1.6 miles. Its main section spans 1,200 feet, and it was one of the longest continuous truss bridges in the world upon its completion, according to the National Steel Bridge Alliance .

About 31,000 vehicles a day use the bridge, which equals 11.3 million vehicles per year, according to the Maryland Transportation Authority.

The river and the Port of Baltimore are both key to the shipping industry on the East Coast, generating more than $3.3 billion a year and directly employing more than 15,000 people.

Asked what people in Baltimore can expect going forward, the state's transportation secretary said it is too early to tell.

"Obviously we reached out to a number of engineering companies, so obviously we have a long road in front of us," Wiedefeld said.

Julia Jester reported from Baltimore, Patrick Smith from London, Corky Siemaszko from New York and Phil Helsel from Los Angeles.

Julia Jester is a producer for NBC News based in Washington, D.C.

Patrick Smith is a London-based editor and reporter for NBC News Digital.

Phil Helsel is a reporter for NBC News.

Corky Siemaszko is a senior reporter for NBC News Digital.